CONTENTS -- Preface -- The Expanding and Accelerating Universe B. P. Schmidt -- 1. An Early History of Cosmology -- 1.1. Curtis Shapley Debate -- 1.2. The Emergence of Relativity and the Expanding Universe -- 2. The Cosmological Paradigm -- 3. The Extragalactic Distance Toolbox -- 3.1. Brightest Cluster Galaxies -- 3.2. Cepheids -- 3.3. Fundamental Plane (aka Dn -) -- 3.4. Lensing Delay -- 3.6. Surface Brightness Fluctuations -- 3.7. Tully-Fisher -- 3.8. Type II Supernovas -- 3.9. Type la Supernovae -- 4. Measuring the Hubble Constant -- 5. The Measurement of Acceleration by SN Ia -- 5.1. Discovering SN la -- 5.2. Obstacles to Measuring Luminosity Distances at High-Z -- 5.2.1. K- Corrections -- 5.2.2. Extinction -- 5.2.3. Selection Effects -- 5.2.4. Gravitational Lensing -- 5.2.5. Evolution -- 5.3. High Redshift SN la Observations -- 6. The Future -- References -- Inflation and the Cosmic Microwave Background C. H. Lineweaver -- 1. A New Cosmology -- 1.1. Progress -- 1.2. Big Bang: Guilty of Not Having an Explanation -- 2. Tunnel Vision: the Inflationary Solution -- 2.1. Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metric Hubble's law and Cosmic Event Horizons -- 2.2. Inflationary Expansion: The Magic of a Shrinking Comoving Event Horizon -- 3. Friedmann Oscillations: The Rise and Fall of Dominant Components -- 3.1. Friedmann's Equation Exponential Expansion -- 4. Inflationary Solutions to the Flatness and Horizon Problems -- 4.1. What is the Flatness Problem? -- 4.2. Solving the Flatness Problem -- 4.3. Horizon problem -- 4.4. How big is a causally connected patch of the CMB without and with inflation? -- 5. How Does Inflation Produce All the Structure in the Universe? -- 6. The Status of Inflation -- 6.1. Inflationary Observables -- 7. CMB -- 7.1. History -- 7.2. What is the CMB? -- 7.3. Spectrum -- 7.4. Where did the energy of the CMB come from? -- 7.5. Dipole.

7.6. Anisotropies -- 7.7. What are the oldest fossils we have from the early universe? -- 7.8. Observational Constraints from the CMB -- 7.9. Background and the Bumps on it and the Evolution of those Bumps -- 7.10. The End of Cosmology? -- 7.11. Tell me More -- Acknowledgments -- References -- The Large-Scale Structure of the Universe M. Colless -- 1. Redshift Surveys, Large-scale Structure and Cosmology -- 1.1. Redshift Surveys -- 1.2. Cosmography -- 1.3. Describing the Density Field -- 1.4. The Form and Evolution of the Density Field -- 1.5. Peculiar Velocities, Bias and Redshift- space Distortions -- 1.6. Gaussianity and Topology -- 1.7. Open Questions -- 2. The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey -- 2.1. Survey Observations -- 2.2. The Large-scale Structure of the Galaxy Distribution -- 2.3. The Bias of the Galaxy Distribution -- 2.4. Redshift-Space Distortions -- 2.5. The Mass Density of the Universe -- 2.6. Joint LSS-CMB Estimates of Cosmological Parameters -- 3. Cosmological Results from WMAP -- 3.1. The WMAP Mission -- 3.2. The CMB Power Spectrum -- 3.3. CMB Polarization and TE Cross-Correlation -- 3.4. Cosmological Models -- 3.5. Inflation and New Physics -- Acknowledgments -- References -- The Formation and Evolution of Galaxies G. Kauffmann -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methods for Calculating the Evolution of the Dark Matter -- 2.1. The Linear Regime -- 2.2. Spherical Collapse -- 2.3. The Press-Schechter Theory -- 2.4. The Extended Press-Schechter Theory -- 2.5. N-body Simulations: techniques -- 2.6. N-body Simulations: results -- 3. Baryonic Processes Important in Understanding Galaxy Formation -- 3.1. Radiative Cooling of Gas -- 3.2. A Simple Model for Cooling in Dark Matter Halos -- 3.3. Angular Momentum and the Dissipative Collapse of Gas within Dark Halos -- 3.4. Star Formation and Feedback -- 3.5. Merging of Galaxies.

3.6. Evolutionary Population Synthesis -- 3.7. Putting it all Together -- 4. Comparison with the Observations -- 4.1. The Galaxy Luminosity Function -- 4.2. The Two-Point Correlation Function -- 4.3. Different Types of Galaxies -- 4.4. The Formation of Galactic Disks -- 4.5. The Formation of Spheroids and Bulges -- 4.6. Dwarf Galaxy Crisis? -- 4.7. Evolution of Galaxies to High Redshift -- References -- The Physics of Galaxy Formation M. A. Dopita -- 1. Introduction -- 2. How Did Galaxies Get the Way They Are? -- 2.1. The Bulge : Black Hole Connection -- 2.2. The Tully-Fisher Relationship -- 3. Simulations of Galaxy Formation -- 4. Problems with the Simulations -- 4.1. Cusps and Cores -- 4.2. The Satellite Problem -- 5. Looking Under The Lamppost: Observing Galaxy Formation -- 5.1. Shocked Lobes & Lyman-a Halos -- 5.2. Cluster Environments -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Dark Matter in Galaxies K. C. Freeman -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Rotation of Spirals -- 3. The Maximum Disk Question -- 3.1. Other support for the maximum disk interpretation -- 4. Modelling the Dark Halo -- 4.1. Dynamical friction -- 4.2. Tidal disruption -- 5. Galaxy Formation Problems -- 6. How Large are Dark Halos -- 6.1. Timing arguments -- 7. The Shapes of Dark Halos -- 7.1. Flaring of the HI layer in the Galaxy -- 7.2. Polar ring galaxies -- 7.3. 1C 2006 -- 7.4. Carbon stars in the galactic halo -- 8. Rotation of Dark Halos -- 9. Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies -- 10. The Tully-Fisher Law -- 11. How Much Galactic Dark Matter is There ? -- References -- Neutral Hydrogen in the Universe F. H. Briggs -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Observing Hydrogen -- 3. Hydrogen in the nearby Universe -- 4. Redshifted HI in Evolving Galaxies -- 4.1. QSO absorption lines -- 4.2. 21cm line studies -- 5. lonization, Reionization, and Re-reionization -- 5.1. The ionization/recombination competition.

5.2. EoR: The end of the Dark Age -- References -- Gravitational Lensing: Cosmological Measures R. L. Webster and C. M. Trott -- 1. Introduction -- 2. H0: Time Delays and Mass Distributions -- 3. compact - the Cosmological MACHO Experiment -- 4. Cosmological Parameters from Strong Lensing -- 5. The Bias Factor -- 6. Cosmological Parameters from Weak Lensing -- 6.1. Theoretical Background -- 6.2. Parameter Dependencies -- 6.3. Measurement of Observational Parameters -- 6.4. Results -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- Particle Physics and Cosmology J. Ellis -- 1. Introduction to the Standard Models -- 1.1. The Big Bang and Particle Physics -- 1.2. Summary of the Standard Model of Particle Physics -- 1.3. Precision Tests of the Standard Model -- 1.4. The Search for the Higgs Boson -- 1.5. Roadmap to Physics Beyond the Standard Model -- 2. Neutrino Physics -- 2.1. Neutrino Masses? -- 2.2. Models of Neutrino Masses and Mixing -- 2.3. Neutrino Oscillations -- 3. Supersymmetry -- 3.1. Why? -- 3.2. Hints of Supersymmetry -- 3.3. Constraints on Supersymmetric Models -- 3.4. Benchmark Supersymmetric Scenarios -- 3.5. Prospects for Discovering Super symmetry at Accelerators -- 3.6. Searches for Dark Matter Particles -- 4. Inflation -- 4.1. Motivations -- 4.2. Some Inflationary Models -- 4.3. Density Perturbations -- 4.4. Inflation in Scalar Field Theories -- 4.5. Could the Inflaton be a Sneutrino? -- 5. Further Beyond -- 5.1. Grand Unified Theories -- 5.2. Baryon Decay and Baryogenesis -- 5.3. Leptogenesis in the Seesaw Model -- 5.4. Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays -- 5.5. Summary -- References.