CONTENTS -- Foreword -- Preface -- About the Editors -- Contributors -- 1. Modeling Transition: New Scenarios, System Sensitivity and Feedback Control John A. Burns and John R. Singler -- Contents -- 1 Introduction and Motivating Problem -- 1.1 A state space formulation -- 1.2 A feedback control problem -- 1.3 Hydrodynamic stability and feedback control -- 2 A Mathematical Framework -- 2.1 The LQR control problem -- 2.2 Control of Burgers' equation -- 2.3 Numerical examples -- 3 Low Order Model Problems -- 3.1 The two-dimensional model -- 3.2 The three-dimensional model -- 4 Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 2. Dynamics of Transitional Boundary Layers Cunbiao Lee and Shiyi Chen -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Experimental Methods -- 3 Experimental Results -- 4 Formation of the SCS and the Λ-vortex -- 4.1 Main features of the SCS -- 4.2 Physical mechanism for the SCS formation -- 4.3 SCS and turbulent spots -- 5 Secondary Closed Vortex -- 6 Formation of the Chain of Ring Vortices -- 7 Breakdown of the Chain of Ring Vortices -- 8 Formation of the Streamwise Vortices -- 9 Breakdown of the SCS -- 10 Discussion -- 10.1 Description of turbulent bursting in a transitional boundary layer -- 10.2 Long streak breakdown mechanism -- 11 Conclusion -- References -- 3. Continuous Mode Transition Paul Durbin and Tamer Zaki -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Continuous Spectrum and Shear Sheltering -- 3 Computer Simulations -- References -- 4. Transition in Wall-Bounded Shear Flows: The Role of Modern Stability Theory Peter J. Schmid -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Stability Theory -- 2.1 A motivational example -- 2.2 Modal versus non-modal analysis -- 2.3 Choice of norm -- 2.4 Spectral representations -- 2.4.1 The numerical range -- 2.4.2 The resolvent norm -- 2.5 Rayleigh-Benard convection versus Poiseuille flow - revisited.

2.6 Link between normality/non-normality and sub/supercritical behavior -- 2.7 Application to plane Poiseuille flow -- 3 Transition to Turbulence -- 3.1 Pattern selection -- 3.2 Transition thresholds -- 4 Extensions -- 4.1 Time-dependent flows -- 4.1.1 A model problem -- 4.1.2 Arbitrary time-dependence -- 4.1.3 Energy growth rate and Lyapunov exponent -- 4.2 Spatial theory -- 4.3 Inhomogeneous directions -- 4.3.1 Self-sustained oscillations of a liquid curtain -- 4.3.2 Pseudo-wavepacket solutions -- 5 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 5. A Framework for Control of Fluid Flow Alan Guegan, Peter J. Schmid and Patrick Huerre -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A Mathematical Framework for Flow Control -- 2.1 Mathematical preliminaries and notation -- 2.2 The Lagrangian: From constrained to unconstrained optimization -- 2.3 Control objectives -- 2.4 Finding the stationary points of the Lagrangian -- 2.5 Optimization procedure -- 3 Application to Swept Hiemenz Flow -- 3.1. Numerical methods -- 3.2 Optimal perturbations -- 3.2.1 Optimal energy growth -- 3.2.2 Catalytic role of the chordwise velocity component -- 3.3 Optimal control -- 3.3.1 Control of optimal perturbations: Effect of control time Tw -- 3.3.2 Control of optimal perturbations: Effect of the control penalty -- 3.3.3 Control of linearly unstable flow -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- 6. Instabilities Near the Attachment-Line of Swept Wings Jorn Sesterhenn and Rainer Friedrich -- Contents -- 1 Physical Situation -- 1.1 General remarks concerning the attachment-line -- 1.2 Structure of the boundary layer in the vicinity of the leading edge -- 1.3 Synopsis of instabilities -- Attachment-line instability -- Cross-flow instability -- Streamline curvature instability -- Secondary instabilities -- 2 Characterization of the Flow -- 2.1 Non-dimensional parameters.

2.2 Length scales and timescales -- 2.2.1 Length scales -- 2.2.2 Timescales -- 2.3 Brief literature survey -- 2.3.1 Incompressible flow on a first plate -- 2.3.2 Nose radius -- 2.3.3 Subcritical transition -- 2.3.4 Compressibility -- 2.3.5 Wall temperature effects -- 2.3.6 Hypersonic flow -- 2.4. Summary -- 3 Computation of the Base Flow -- 4 Configurations -- 4.1 Subsonic flow on a flat plate -- 4.1.1 The swept Hiemenz solution -- 4.1.2 Compressibility correction -- 4.2 Subsonic flow on a parabolic leading edge -- 4.3 Supersonic flow on a parabolic leading edge -- 5 Perturbation -- 5.1 Subsonic flows -- 5.1.1 Random perturbation -- 5.1.2 Attachment-line instability -- 5.1.3 Changes in the structure of the instability -- 5.1.4 Influence of wall boundary condition -- 5.2 Supersonic flow -- 5.2.1 Random perturbation -- 5.2.1.1 Perturbance growth depending on Reynolds number and wavenumber -- Full physical domain -- Measurements in the vicinity of the stagnation line -- Measurement at the locus of maximal streamline curvature -- Structure of the modes -- Summary -- 5.2.2 Coherent disturbances -- 5.2.2.1 Perturbation growth -- 1. External perturbation hits the shock -- 2. Acoustic wave impinges on the body -- 3. Acoustic wave reflects at the shock -- 4. Acoustic wave impinges on the body for the second time -- 5. Instability growth -- 6. Occurence of a second maximum and further growth -- Modal energy growth -- 6 Conclusion -- A Definitions -- A.1 Kinetic energy -- A.2 Modal energy -- A.3 Growth rates -- A.4 Q-criterium -- References -- 7. Experimental Study of Wall Turbulence: Implications for Control Ivan Marusic and Nicholas Hutchins -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Experimental Details -- 2.1 Facility -- 2.1.1 Wall-parallel plane PIV -- 2.1.2 Inclined-plane cross-stream PIV -- 2.1.3 Combined-plane PIV.

3 Resolved Structure in the Log and Wake Regions of Turbulent Boundary Layers -- 3.1 Large-scale stripiness in the log region -- 3.1.1 Example velocity fields -- 3.1.2 Two-point correlations -- 3.2 An associated vortical structure -- 3.2.1 Vortex identification -- 3.2.2 Example swirl fields -- 3.2.3 The hairpin packet model -- 3.2.4 Statistical evidence -- 3.2.5 Alternative explanations -- 3.3 Reynolds number scaling -- 3.4 Influence at the wall -- 3.5 Extremely long streamwise modes -- 3.6 Associated Reynolds stress -- 3.7 Spanwise repetition -- 4 Summary -- 5 Implications to Flow Control -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 8. Turbulent Boundary Layers and Their Control: Quantitative Flow Visualization Results Michele Onorato, Gaetano M. Di Cicca, Gaetano Iuso, Pier G. Spazzini and Riccardo Malvano -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Flat Plate Boundary-Layer Flow -- 2.1 Streamwise-spanwise planes -- 2.2 Streamwise-wall-normal plane -- 3 Turbulence Control by Wall Oscillation References -- References -- 9. Mean-Momentum Balance: Implications for Wall-Turbulence Control Joe Klewicki -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Review of Results Relating to the Mean-Momentum Balance -- 2.1 Layer structure -- 2.2 Reynolds number scaling behaviors -- 2.3 Self-consistent physical model -- 3 Flow Control Implications -- 3.1 Flow physics and flow control -- Flow Field Interactions -- Length and Time Scales -- Actuation Locations -- 3.2 Mean-momentum balance as a diagnostic -- 3.3 The Lamb vector and wall-flow control -- 4 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 10. The FIK Identity and Its Implication for Turbulent Skin Friction Control Nobuhide Kasagi and Koji Fukagata -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The FIK Identity -- 3 Analysis of Manipulated Flows -- 4 Development of Control Schemes -- 5 Control Feasibility at High Reynolds Numbers.

6 Enhancement of Heat Transfer -- 7 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 11. Control of Turbulent Flows Using Lorentz Force Actuation Kenneth S. Breuer -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Overview of chapter -- 2 Scaling of Oscillatory Flow Control -- 3 Lorentz Force Actuators -- 3.1 Actuator performance -- 3.2 Flows induced by Lorentz forces -- 4 Turbulent Flow Control -- 4.1 Flow facility and measurement techniques -- 4.2 Drag reduction measurements -- 4.3 Fluctuation statistics in the controlled flow -- 4.4 Integrated flow rate and production -- 4.5 Two-point correlations -- 4.6 Production probability -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- 12. Compliant Coatings: The Simpler Alternative Mohamed Gad-el-Hak -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Compliant Coatings Prior to 1985 -- 3 Free-Surface Waves -- 4 System Instabilities -- 5 The Kramer's Controversy -- 6 Transitional Flows -- 6.1 Linear stability theory -- 6.2 Coating optimization -- 6.3 Practical examples -- 6.4 The dolphin's secret -- 7 Turbulent Wall-Bounded Flows -- 8 What Works and What Does Not? -- 8.1 Analytical research -- 8.2 Numerical research -- 8.3 Experimental research -- 9 The Future -- 10 Parting Remarks -- References -- 13. Noise Suppression and Mixing Enhancement of Compressible Turbulent Jets Dimitri Papamoschou -- Contents -- 1 Noise Suppression -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Noise reduction method -- 1.3 Sample results -- 1.4 Summary -- 2 Mixing Enhancement -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Supersonic nozzle flow separation -- 2.3 Mixing enhancement method -- 2.4 Sample results -- 2.5 Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Index.