Front Cover -- Modern and Past Glacial Environments -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- List of Contributors -- List of Symbols -- Chapter 1. Glacial environments - modern and past -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Impact of ice masses on global habitats and earth systems -- 1.3. Research in modern glacial environments -- 1.4. Research in past glacial environments -- 1.5. Research issues in glacial environments -- Chapter 2. Global glacial chronologies and causes of glaciation -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Pre-Cenozoic glaciation -- 2.3. Late Cenozoic glaciation and the classic subdivisions -- 2.4. Oxygen isotope stratigraphy and the marine record of glaciation -- 2.5. Long terrestrial records of climate and glacial fluctuations for the Quaternary -- 2.6. The Late Pleistocene climatic record revealed by deep ice cores -- 2.7. Correlation of Late Cenozoic glaciations in the northern and southern hemispheres -- 2.8. The last 25 000 years and synchroneity of northern and southern hemisphere glacial cycles -- 2.9. Causes of climatic change for Late Cenozoic glaciation -- 2.10. Future climate change and glaciation -- Chapter 3. Glaciers and ice sheets -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Ice mass types -- 3.3. Formation of glacier ice -- 3.4. Mass balance and glacier sensitivity -- 3.5. Ice sheet modelling strategies -- 3.6. Ice mass changes and fluxes -- 3.7. Structure and thermal characteristics of ice masses -- 3.8. Ice structures -- 3.9. Concluding remarks -- Chapter 4. Ice flow and hydrology -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Ice mechanics and the thermo-mechanical problem -- 4.3. The flow of ice -- 4.4. The flow of ice sheets -- 4.5. The flow of valley glaciers -- 4.6. The flow of ice shelves -- 4.7. Velocities of ice sheets and glaciers -- 4.8. Glacier surges -- 4.9. Hydrology of glaciers.

4.10. The nature of meltwater flow and routing at the ice-bed interface -- 4.11. Hydraulic systems and deformable beds -- 4.12. Subglacial lakes -- 4.13. High-magnitude meltwater discharges -- 4.14. Concluding remarks -- Chapter 5. Processes of glacial erosion -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Abrasion -- 5.3. Quarrying -- 5.4. Rates of erosion -- 5.5. Large-scale processes -- 5.6. Summary -- Chapter 6. Processes of glacial transportation -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Ice properties affecting sediment transport -- 6.3. Debris sources -- 6.4. Transport pathways through ice masses -- 6.5. Modification of sediment during transport -- 6.6. Glaciological effects of debris in transport -- Chapter 7. Processes of terrestrial glacial deposition -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Factors contributing to terrestrial glaciogenic deposition -- 7.3. Mechanisms of till deposition -- 7.4. Mechanisms of glaciofluvial deposition -- 7.5. Tills of Eastern England - debates about mechanisms of till deposition - a case example -- Chapter 8. Subglacial environments -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Definition -- 8.3. The subglacial interface - bed types and conditions -- 8.4. Spatial variations in subglacial polythermal-rheological bed conditions -- 8.5. Subglacial sediments and landforms -- 8.6. Sediment structures and related sedimentological and geotechnical characteristics within subglacial sediments -- 8.7. Subglacial-proglacial transition environments -- 8.8. Subglacial landforms and bedforms -- 8.9. Subglacial erosional forms under active ice -- 8.10. Sediments and landforms of passive ice flow -- 8.11. Repetitive event histories in subglacial environments -- 8.12. Summary -- Chapter 9. Sediments and landforms of modern proglacial terrestrial environments -- 9.1. Distinctiveness of proglacial environments -- 9.2. Morphology and landforms of proglacial environments.

9.3. Proglacial meltwater channels systems -- 9.4. Characteristics of proglacial outwash sediments -- 9.5. Issues and future prospects -- Chapter 10. Supraglacial and ice-marginal deposits and landforms -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. Sediment and sediment associations -- 10.3. Landforms -- 10.4. Summary -- Chapter 11. Glaciolacustrine environments -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Limnology of glacier-fed lakes -- 11.3. Ice-contact glacier-fed lakes -- 11.4. Distal glacier-fed lakes -- 11.5. Stratigraphy and landforms -- 11.6. Recognition of past glaciolacustrine environments -- 11.7. Conclusion -- Chapter 12. Modern glaciomarine environments -- 12.1. Introduction -- 12.2. Subglacial processes -- 12.3. Marine-ending termini -- 12.4. Types of grounding-lines -- 12.5. Proglacial and paraglacial environments -- 12.6. Other non-glacial and modifying processes -- 12.7. Sedimentation rates and fluxes -- 12.8. Advance and retreat of marine-ending glaciers -- Chapter 13. Past glaciomarine environments -- 13.1. Introduction -- 13.2. Past glaciomarine sediments: classification and identification -- 13.3. Examples of Pre-Cenozoic glaciomarine sequences -- 13.4. Glaciomarine sediments and the sedimentary environment of a passive margin and its adjacent ocean. The Norwegian-Greenland Sea and the Norwegian/Barents Sea margin a case example -- 13.5. Conclusion -- Chapter 14. Processes of glaciotectonism -- 14.1. Introduction -- 14.2. Soft sediment deformation -- 14.3. Glaciotectonic regimes -- 14.4. Subglacial shear zones -- 14.5. Marginal compressive belts -- 14.6. Passive deformations -- 14.7. Conclusions -- Chapter 15. Glacial stratigraphy -- 15.1. Introduction -- 15.2. Rationale -- 15.3. Stratigraphy within glacial environments -- 15.4. Stratigraphic nomenclature -- 15.5. Glacial stratigraphic procedures and methods -- 15.6. Conclusion.

Chapter 16. Problems and perspectives -- 16.1. Introduction -- 16.2. Paradigm shifts -- 16.3. Questions illustrative of problems -- 16.4. Epilogue -- References -- Index.