Front Cover -- Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Section I: Basic Principles and Concepts -- A. Examining the Relationship between Diet, Nutrition, and Disease -- Chapter 1. Dietary Assessment Methodology -- I. Introduction -- II. Dietary Assessment Methods -- III. Dietary Assessment in Specific Situations -- IV. Dietary Assessment in Special Populations -- V. Selected Issues in Dietary Assessment Methods -- References -- Chapter 2. Energy Requirement Methodology -- I. Introduction -- II. Components of Energy Expenditure -- III. Total Energy Expenditure -- IV. Recommended Energy Intakes -- References -- Chapter 3. Physical Assessment -- I. Introduction -- II. Components of Clinical Assessment -- III. Anthropometric Assessment -- IV. Functional Assessment -- V. Clinical Manifestations in Specific Disease States and Populations -- Chapter 4. Overview of Nutritional Epidemiology -- I. Introduction -- II. Principles of Exposure Measurement in Nutritional Epidemiology -- III. Design Studies Used in Nutritional Epidemiology -- IV. Interpretation of Cause and Effect in Nutritional Epidemiology -- V. Obstacles to Finding Associations of Dietary Intake and Disease Risk -- VI. Future Research Directions -- References -- Chapter 5. Analysis, Presentation, and Interpretation of Dietary Data -- I. Introduction -- II. Analysis of Dietary Data -- III. Presentation of Data -- IV. Interpretation of Data -- V. Conclusion -- References -- B. Nutrition Intervention -- Chapter 6. Current Theoretical Bases for Nutrition Intervention and Their Uses -- I. Introduction -- II. Importance of Understanding Influences on Dietary Behavior -- III. What Is Theory? -- IV. Explanatory and Change Theories -- V. Unique Features of Dietary Behavior to Consider When Using Theory.

VI. Important Theories and Their Key Constructs -- VII. Findings Regarding Applications of Theory to Nutritional Behavior -- VIII. Constructs and Issues across Theories -- IX. Implications and Opportunities -- References -- Chapter 7. Nutrition Intervention: Lessons from Clinical Trials -- I. Introduction -- II. Conceptual Models of Motivation -- III. Theories Used in Achieving Dietary Behavior Change in Clinical Trials -- IV. Summary -- References -- Chapter 8. Tools and Techniques to Facilitate Eating Behavior Change -- I. Introduction -- II. The Teaching/Learning Process -- III. Nutrition Education Techniques -- IV. Behavior Change Techniques -- V. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9. Evaluation of Nutrition Interventions -- I. Introduction -- II. Overview: Types of Nutrition Intervention Program Evaluations -- III. Outcomes or Endpoints Used to Assess Intervention Effectiveness -- IV. Design of Nutrition Intervention Evaluations -- V. Measurement Issues When Assessing Dietary Change and Other Intervention Outcomes -- VI. Dietary Assessment Instruments and Their Applicability for Intervention Evaluation -- VII. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10. Biomarkers and Biological Indicators of Change -- I. Introduction -- II. Biomarkers of Dietary Intake or Exposure -- III. Functional Biomarkers -- IV. Biomarkers of Genetic Susceptibility -- V. Criteria for Selecting and Using Biomarkers -- VI. Summary -- References -- C. Genetic Influence on Nutritional Health -- Chapter 11. Genetic Influences on Blood Lipids and Cardiovascular Disease Risk -- I. Introduction -- II. Exogenous Lipoprotein Pathway -- III. Endogenous Lipoprotein Metabolism -- IV. Reverse Cholesterol Transport -- V. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12. Genetics of Human Obesity -- I. Introduction -- II. Genetic Epidemiology of Human Obesity -- III. Gene-Environment Interactions.

IV. The Obesity Gene Map -- V. Single-Gene Obesity in Humans -- VI. Single-Gene Mutations Resulting in Adipose Tissue Atrophy -- VII. Rare Genetic Syndromes with Obesity as a Prominent Feature -- VIII. Evidence from Linkage Studies of Obesity Phenotypes -- IX. Association Studies of Candidate Genes for Obesity and Obesity-Related Insulin Resistance and Hyperlipidemia -- X. Clinical Implications of the Discovery of Obesity Genes -- References -- Chapter 13. Genetic Influence on Cancer Risk -- I. Introduction -- II. Background -- III. Mechanisms of Diet-Genetic Interactions -- IV. Methodologic Issues in Assessment of Diet and Gene Interactions Related to Cancer -- V. Diet-Gene Interactions and Cancer -- VI. Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 14. Inborn Errors of Metabolism -- I. Introduction -- II. Diagnosis -- III. Treatment: Initiation and Monitoring -- IV. New Treatment Developments -- V. Adult Treatment -- VI. Summary -- References -- D. Supplements and Food Replacements -- Chapter 15. Role of Liquid Dietary Supplements -- I. Medical Foods and Nutritional Supplements -- II. What Is a Medical Food/Supplement? -- III. Prevalence and Economic Impact of Medical Nutrition Therapy -- IV. Barriers to Using Medical Nutritional Supplements -- V. Summary -- References -- Chapter 16. Composite Foods and Formulas, Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition -- I. Introduction -- II. Enteral Nutrition -- III. Parenteral Nutrition -- IV. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 17. Herbs and Botanical Supplements: Principles and Concepts -- I. Introduction: History of Botanical Medicine -- II. Use of Herbs and Botanicals -- III. Evidence for Safety and Efficacy -- IV. Adverse Effects of Herbs and Botanicals -- V. Regulation of Botanical and Herbal Medicinals -- VI. Recommendations for Clinical Care -- VII. Summary -- References.

Section II: Disease-Specific Intervention: Prevention and Treatment -- A. Cardiovascular Disease -- Chapter 18. Dietary Macronutrients and Cardiovascular Risk -- I. Introduction -- II. Dietary Fat -- III. Dietary Carbohydrate -- IV. Dietary Protein -- V. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 19. Other Dietary Components and Cardiovascular Risk -- I. Introduction -- II. Dietary Fiber and Cardiovascular Risk -- III. Homocysteine and Cardiovascular Disease -- IV. Soy and Cardiovascular Disease -- V. Phytochemicals: Proposed Association with Cardiovascular Disease -- VI. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 20. Nutrition, Diet, and Hypertension -- I. Introduction -- II. Individual Nutrients and Blood Pressure -- III. Other Dietary and Lifestyle Modifications -- IV. Dietary Patterns -- V. Summary -- Appendixes -- References -- Chapter 21. Nutrition and Congestive Heart Failure -- I. Introduction -- II. Pathophysiology of Heart Failure -- III. Standard Medical Care for Heart Failure -- IV. Restrictions in Sodium -- V. Restrictions in Fluid Intake -- VI. Recommendations Regarding Fat, Fiber and Cholesterol -- VII. Other Dietary Recommendations -- VIII. Special Considerations -- IX. Summary -- References -- B. Cancer Prevention and Therapy -- Chapter 22. Nutrition and Breast Cancer -- I. Introduction -- II. Nutritional Factors in the Etiology of Breast Cancer -- III. Nutritional Issues Following the Diagnosis of Breast Cancer -- IV. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 23. Nutrition and Colon Cancer -- I. Introduction -- II. Model 1: Bile Acids, Fat/Fiber, and Meats/ Vegetables -- III. Model 2: Cooked Foods -- IV. Model 3: Insulin Resistance -- V. Model 4: DNA Methylation -- VI. Model 5: Cell Growth Regulators -- VII. Food Intake Relationships -- VIII. Prevention of Colon Cancer -- References -- Chapter 24. Nutrition and Prostate Cancer.

I. Introduction -- II. Descriptive Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer -- III. Studies of Diet in Relation to Prostate Cancer -- IV. Genetics and Gene-Environment Interactions -- V. Dietary Intervention Trials -- VI. Conclusions and Implications for Prevention and Treatment -- References -- Chapter 25. Nutrition and Lung Cancer -- I. Introduction -- II. Dietary Constituents and Primary Prevention of Lung Cancer -- III. Dietary Constituents and Prevention of Second Lung Cancer -- IV. Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Chapter 26. Nutrition and the Patient with Cancer -- I. Introduction -- II. Rationale and Importance of Optimal Nutrition -- III. Cancer Cachexia -- IV. Basic Nutrition Concepts for Managing Patients with Cancer -- V. Nutrition Issues throughout the Continuum of Care -- VI. Special Situations -- VII. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- C. Diabetes Mellitus -- Chapter 27. Obesity and the Risk for Diabetes -- I. Introduction -- II. Definitions and Classifications of Obesity and Diabetes -- III. Why Are the Obese at Risk? -- IV. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 28. Nutrition Management for Type 1 Diabetes -- I. Introduction -- II. Definition and Burden of Type 1 Diabetes -- III. Diabetes Medical Nutrition Therapy -- IV. Insulin Regimens -- V. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 29. Nutritional Management for Type 2 Diabetes -- I. Introduction -- II. Energy Intake and Body Weight Management -- III. Macronutrient Intake -- IV. Trace Mineral Requirements -- V. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 30. Nutritional Management for Gestational Diabetes -- I. Introduction -- II. Screening and Diagnosis -- III. Risks and Complications -- IV. Treatment and Monitoring -- V. Postpartum Recommendations and Considerations -- VI. Conclusion -- References -- D. Obesity -- Chapter 31. Obesity: Overview of Treatments and Interventions.

I. Introduction.