Front Cover -- Calculations in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Chapter 1. Scientific Notation and Metric Prefixes -- Introduction -- Significant Digits -- Rounding Off Significant Digits in Calculations -- Exponents and Scientific Notation -- Expressing Numbers in Scientific Notation -- Converting Numbers from Scientific Notation to Decimal Notation -- Adding and Subtracting Numbers Written in Scientific Notation -- Multiplying and Dividing Numbers Written in Scientific Notation -- Metric Prefixes -- Conversion Factors and Canceling Terms -- Chapter 2. Solutions Mixtures and Media -- Introduction -- Calculating Dilutions: A General Approach -- Concentrations by a Factor of X -- Preparing Percent Solutions -- Diluting Percent Solutions -- Moles and Molecular Weight: Definitions -- Molarity -- Diluting Molar Solutions -- Converting Molarity to Percent -- Converting Percent to Molarity -- Normality -- PH -- pKa and the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation -- Chapter 3. Cell Growth -- The Bacterial Growth Curve -- Manipulating Cell Concentration -- Plotting OD550 vs. Time on a Linear Graph -- Plotting the Logarithm of OD550 vs. Time on a Linear Graph -- Plotting the Log of Cell Concentration vs. Time -- Calculating Generation Time -- Plotting Cell Growth Data on a Semilog Graph -- Determining Generation Time Directly from a Semilog Plot of Cell Concentration vs. Time -- Plotting Cell Density versus OD550 on a Semilog Graph -- The Fluctuation Test -- Fluctuation Test Example -- Variance -- Measuring Mutation Rate -- Measuring Cell Concentration on a Hemocytometer -- Chapter 4. Working with Bacteriophage -- Introduction -- Multiplicity of Infection -- Probabilities and Multiplicity of Infection -- Measuring Phage Titer -- Diluting Bacteriophage -- Measuring Burst Size.

Chapter 5. Quantitation of Nucleic Acids -- Quantitation of Nucleic Acids by Ultraviolet Spectroscopy -- Determining the Concentration of Double-Stranded DNA -- Using Absorbance and an Extinction Coefficient to Calculate Double-Stranded DNA Concentration -- Calculating DNA Concentration as a Millimolar (mM) Amount -- Determining the Concentration of Single-Stranded DNA Molecules -- Oligonucleotide Quantitation -- Measuring RNA Concentration -- Molecular Weight, Molarity, and Nucleic Acid Length -- Estimating DNA Concentration on an Ethidium Bromide-Stained Gel -- Chapter 6. Labeling Nucleic Acids with Radioisotopes -- Introduction -- Using Radioactivity: The Curie -- Estimating Plasmid Copy Number -- Labeling DNA by Nick Translation -- Random Primer Labeling of DNA -- Labeling 3' Termini with Terminal Transferase -- cDNA Synthesis -- Homopolymeric Tailing -- In Vitro Transcription -- Chapter 7. Oligonucleotide Synthesis -- Introduction -- Synthesis Yield -- Measuring Stepwise and Overall Yield by the DMT Cation Assay -- Overall Yield -- Stepwise Yield -- Calculating Micromoles of Nucleoside Added at Each Base Addition Step -- Chapter 8. The Polymerase Chain Reaction -- Introduction -- Template and Amplification -- Exponential Amplification -- PCR Efficiency -- Calculating the Tm of the Target Sequence -- Primers -- Primer Tm -- dNTPs -- DNA Polymerase -- Quantitative PCR -- Chapter 9. Recombinant DNA -- Introduction -- Restriction Endonucleases -- The Frequency of Restriction Endonuclease Cut Sites -- Calculating the Amount of Fragment Ends -- Ligation -- Transformation Efficiency -- Genomic Libraries: How Many Clones Do You Need? -- cDNA Libraries: How Many Clones Are Enough? -- Expression Libraries -- Screening Recombinant Libraries by Hybridization to DNA Probes -- Sizing DNA Fragments by Gel Electrophoresis.

Generating Nested Deletions Using Nuclease BAL 31 -- Chapter 10. Protein -- Introduction -- Protein Quantitation by Measuring Absorbance at 280 nm -- Using Absorbance Coefficients and Extinction Coefficients to Estimate Protein Concentration -- Relating Absorbance Coefficient to Molar Extinction Coefficient -- Determining a Protein's Extinction Coefficient -- Relating Concentration in Milligrams per Milliliter to Molarity -- Protein Quantitation Using A280 When Contaminating Nucleic Acids Are Present -- Protein Quantitation at 205 nm -- Protein Quantitation at 205 nm When Contaminating Nucleic Acids Are Present -- Measuring Protein Concentration by Colorimetric Assay- The Bradford Assay -- Using β-Galactosidase to Monitor Promoter Activity and Gene Expression -- Specific Activity -- The CAT Assay -- Use of Luciferase in a Reporter Assay -- In Vitro Translation-Determining Amino Acid Incorporation -- Chapter 11. Centrifugation -- Introduction -- Relative Centrifugal Force (g Force) -- Converting g Force to Revolutions per Minute -- Determining g Force and Revolutions per Minute by Use of a Nomogram -- Calculating Sedimentation Times -- Chapter 12. Forensic Science -- Introduction -- Alleles and Genotypes -- Calculating Genotype Frequencies -- Calculating Allele Frequencies -- The Hardy-Weinberg Equation and Calculating Expected Genotype Frequencies -- The Chi-Square Test: Comparing Observed to Expected Values -- Sample Variance -- Sample Standard Deviation -- Pi: The Power of Inclusion -- Pd: The Power of Discrimination -- DNA Typing and a Weighted Average -- The Multiplication Rule -- Index.