Front Cover -- Visualization in Medicine -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Visualization in Medicine as a Specialty of Scientific Visualization -- 1.2 Computerized Medical Imaging -- 1.3 2D and 3D Visualizations -- 1.4 Organization -- Part I: Acquisition, Analysis, and Interpretation of Medical Volume Data -- Chapter 2. Medical Image Data and Visual Perception -- 2.1 Medical Image Data -- 2.2 Data Artifacts -- 2.3 Sensitivity and Specificity -- 2.4 Visual Perception -- 2.5 Summary -- Chapter 3. Acquisition of Medical Image Data -- 3.1 X-ray Imaging -- 3.2 Computed Tomography -- 3.3 Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- 3.4 Ultrasound -- 3.5 Positron Emission Tomography (PET) -- 3.6 Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) -- 3.7 Summary -- Chapter 4. Medical Volume Data in Clinical Practice -- 4.1 Storage of Medical Image Data -- 4.2 Conventional Film-based Diagnosis -- 4.3 Soft-Copy Reading -- 4.4 Summary -- Chapter 5. Image Analysis for Medical Visualization -- 5.1 Requirements -- 5.2 Preprocessing and Filtering -- 5.3 General Segmentation Approaches -- 5.4 Model-based Segmentation Methods -- 5.5 Interaction Techniques -- 5.6 Postprocessing of Segmentation Results -- 5.7 Skeletonization -- 5.8 Validation of Segmentation Methods -- 5.9 Registration and Fusion of Medical Image Data -- 5.10 Summary -- Part II: Volume Visualization -- Chapter 6. Fundamentals of Volume Visualization -- 6.1 The Volume Visualization Pipeline -- 6.2 Histograms and Volume Classification -- 6.3 Illumination in Scalar Volume Datasets -- 6.4 Summary -- Chapter 7. Indirect Volume Visualization -- 7.1 Plane-Based Volume Rendering -- 7.2 Surface-Based Volume Rendering -- 7.3 Surface Postprocessing -- 7.4 Summary -- Chapter 8. Direct Volume Visualization -- 8.1 Theoretical Models for Direct Volume Rendering.

8.2 The Volume Rendering Pipeline -- 8.3 Compositing -- 8.4 Summary -- Chapter 9. Algorithms for Direct Volume Visualization -- 9.1 Ray Casting -- 9.2 Shear Warp -- 9.3 Splatting -- 9.4 Texture-Mapping -- 9.5 Other Direct Volume Rendering Approaches -- 9.6 Direct Volume Rendering of Segmented Volume Data -- 9.7 Hybrid Volume Rendering -- 9.8 Validation of Volume Visualization Algorithms -- 9.9 Summary -- Chapter 10. Exploration of Dynamic Medical Volume Data -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Medical Background -- 10.3 Basic Visualization Techniques -- 10.4 Data Processing -- 10.5 Advanced Visualization Techniques -- 10.6 Case Study: Tumor Perfusion -- 10.7 Case Study: Brain Perfusion -- 10.8 Summary -- Part III: Exploration of Medical Volume Data -- Chapter 11. Transfer Function Specification -- 11.1 Strategies for One-Dimensional Transfer Functions -- 11.2 Multidimensional Transfer Functions -- 11.3 Gradient-based Transfer Functions -- 11.4 Distance-based Transfer functions -- 11.5 Local and Spatialized Transfer Functions -- 11.6 Summary -- Chapter 12. Clipping, Cutting, and Virtual Resection -- 12.1 Clipping -- 12.2 Virtual Resection -- 12.3 Virtual Resection with a Deformable Cutting Plane -- 12.4 Cutting Medical Volume Data -- 12.5 Summary -- Chapter 13. Measurements in Medical Visualization -- 13.1 General Design Issues -- 13.2 3D Distance Measurements -- 13.3 Angular Measurements -- 13.4 Interactive Volume Measurements -- 13.5 Interactive Volume Measurements -- 13.6 Minimal Distance Computation -- 13.7 Further Automatic Measurements -- 13.8 Summary -- Part IV: Advanced Visualization Techniques -- Chapter 14. Visualization of Anatomic Tree Structures -- 14.1 Vessel Analysis -- 14.2 Overview of Vessel Visualization -- 14.3 Explicit Surface Reconstruction -- 14.4 Modeling Tree Structures with Implicit Surfaces.

14.5 Visualization with Convolution Surfaces -- 14.6 Validation and Evaluation -- 14.7 Examples -- 14.8 Exploration of Vasculature -- 14.9 Vessel Visualization for Diagnosis -- 14.10 Summary -- Chapter 15. Virtual Endoscopy -- 15.1 Application Scenarios for Virtual Endoscopy -- 15.2 Technical Issues -- 15.3 Virtual Colonoscopy -- 15.4 Virtual Bronchoscopy -- 15.5 Virtual Neuroendoscopy -- 15.6 Virtual Angioscopy -- 15.7 Summary -- Chapter 16. Image-Guided Surgery and Virtual Reality -- 16.1 Prerequisites for Intraoperative Visualization -- 16.2 Image-Guided Surgery -- 16.3 Virtual and Mixed Reality in the OR -- 16.4 Summary -- Chapter 17. Emphasis Techniques and Illustrative Rendering -- 17.1 Illustrative Surface and Volume Rendering -- 17.2 Combining Line, Surface, and Volume Visualization -- 17.3 Visibility Analysis -- 17.4 Local Emphasis Techniques -- 17.5 Regional and Global Emphasis Techniques -- 17.6 Dynamic Emphasis Techniques -- 17.7 Synchronized Emphasis -- 17.8 Classification of Emphasis Techniques -- 17.9 Summary -- Chapter 18. Exploration of MRI Diffusion Tensor Images -- 18.1 Medical Background and Image Acquisition -- 18.2 Image Analysis of DTI Data -- 18.3 Quantitative Characterization of Diffusion Tensors -- 18.4 Slice-based Visualizations of Tensor Data -- 18.5 Visualization with Tensor Glyphs -- 18.6 Direct Volume Rendering of Diffusion Tensor Fields -- 18.7 Fiber Tract Modeling -- 18.8 Exploration of Fiber Tracts Through Clustering -- 18.9 Software Tools for the Exploration of DTI Data -- 18.10 Summary -- Part V: Application Areas and Case Studies -- Chapter 19. Image Analysis and Visualization for Liver Surgery Planning -- 19.1 Medical Background -- 19.2 Image Analysis for Liver Surgery Planning -- 19.3 Risk Analysis for Oncologic Liver Surgery Planning -- 19.4 Risk Analysis for Live Donor Liver Transplantation.

19.5 Simulation and Visualization for Planning of Thermoablations -- 19.6 Software Assistants for Liver Surgery Planning -- 19.7 Clinical Application -- 19.8 Planning Pancreatic and Renal Surgery -- 19.9 Summary -- Chapter 20. Visualization for Medical Education -- 20.1 Datasets and Knowledge Representation for Medical Education -- 20.2 Labeling Medical Visualizations -- 20.3 Animating Medical Visualizations -- 20.4 Basics of Computer-based Training -- 20.5 Anatomy Education -- 20.6 Surgery Education and Simulation -- 20.7 Summary -- Chapter 21. Outlook -- 21.1 Integrating Simulation and Visualization -- 21.2 Integrated Visualization of Preoperative and Intraoperative Visualization -- 21.3 Integrated Visualization of Morphologic and Functional Image Data -- 21.4 Model-based Visualization -- Appendix A. Systems for Visualization in Medicine -- A.1 Concepts of General Purpose Visualization Software -- A.2 Toolkits and Other Software Systems for Visualization in Medicine -- A.3 Summary -- Bibliography -- Index.