CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- FOREWORD -- I. CELL MECHANICS -- The effect of streptomycin and gentamicin on outer hair cell motility B. Currall, X. Wang and D. Z. Z. He -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Preparation of isolated OHCs -- 2.2 Whole-cell voltage-clamp recording -- 2.3 Somatic motility measurements -- 2.4 Nonlinear capacitance measurements -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Extracellular application of streptomycin and gentamicin -- 3.2 Intracellular application of streptomycin -- 4 Discussion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Mechanotransduction in bone cell networks X. E. Guo, E. Takai, X. Jiang, Q. Xu, G. M. Whitesides, J. T. Yardley, C. T. Hung and K. D. Costa -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Microcontact printing for the formation of controlled bone cell networks -- 2.2 Optimization of geometric parameters for bone cell network formation -- 2.3 Assessment of gap junction formation -- 2.4 Single-cell nanoindentation using atomic force microscopy -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Assessment of cell patterning -- 3.2 Calcium wave propagation in bone cell networks -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Intracellular measurements of strain transfer with texture correlation C. L. Gilchrist, F. Guilak and L. A. Setton -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Primary cell isolation and culture -- 2.2 Stretch experiments -- 2.3 Displacement measurement and strain calculations -- 2.4 Intracellular strain calculations following stretch -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Cell stretching experiments -- 4 Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- II. CELL RESPONSE TO MECHANICAL STIMULATION -- Identifying the mechanisms of flow-enhanced cell adhesion via dimensional analysis C. Zhu, V. I. Zarnitsyna, T. Yago and R. P. McEver -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Transport Governs Flow-enhanced Cell Tethering.

2.1 Conceptual scheme of tethering process -- 2.2 Enhancing tethering by mean sliding velocity -- 2.3 Enhancing tethering by Brownian motion -- 2.4 Enhancing tethering by molecular diffusion -- 3 Catch Bonds Govern Flow-enhanced Cell Rolling -- 3.1 Conceptual scheme of rolling process -- 3.2 Rolling velocity scales with tether force -- 3.3 Off-rate curves and rolling velocity curves correlate and scale similarly -- 3.4 Off-rate curves and curves of multiple rolling regularity metrics correlate and scale similarly -- 4 Discussion and Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- A sliding-rebinding mechanism for catch bonds J. Lou, C. Zhu, T. Yago and R. P. McEver -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Structures of Selectins and Selectin-Ligand Complexes -- 3 MD Simulations of Selectins and Selectin-Ligand Complexes -- 3.1 Free dynamics simulations of selectin lectin-EGF domains -- 3.2 SMD simulations of unbinding of selectin-ligand complexes -- 4 Sliding-Rebinding Mechanism and Pseudoatom Representation -- 5 Testing the Sliding-Rebinding Mechanism by Mutagenesis Studies -- 6 Discussion and Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Role of external mechanical forces in cell signal transduction S. R. K. Vedula, C. T. Lim, T. S. Lim, G. Rajagopal, W. Hunziker, B. Lane and M. Sokabe -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Mechanotransduction process -- 2 Mechanosensing -- 2.1 Mechanosensitive or stretch sensitive ion channels -- 2.1.1 Models for the functioning of MS channels -- 2.2 Integrins -- 2.3 Intercellular adhesion molecules -- 2.4 Cytoskeleton -- 2.5 Other receptors (GPCR and RTK) -- 2.6 Membrane fluidity -- 3 Mechanotransduction -- 3.1 Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels -- 3.1.1 Elevation of intracellular calcium levels -- 3.1.2 Mechanosensitive (MS) ATP Release -- 3.2 Integrins, Focal Complex (FC) & Focal Adhesion (FA) -- 3.2.1 FAK pathway -- 3.2.2 Fyn/Shc pathway.

3.2.3 Rho family GTPases -- 3.2.4 Tyrosine phosphatases -- 4 Mechanoresponse -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- III. TISSUE ENGINEERING -- Evaluation of material property of tissue-engineered cartilage by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy S. Miyata, K. Homma, T. Numano, K. Furukawa, T. Ushida and T. Tateishi -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Isolation of chondrocytes and preparation of chondrocyte/agarose constructs -- 2.2 1H-NMR spectroscopy -- 2.3 FCD measurements by Gd-DTPA2- enhanced MRI -- 2.4 Histological analysis -- 2.5 Determination of total sulfated glycosaminoglycan contents -- 3 Results -- 4 Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Scaffolding technology for cartilage and osteochondral tissue engineering G. Chen, N. Kawazoe, T. Tateishi and T. Ushida -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Hybrid Porous Scaffolds -- 3 Biphasic Porous Scaffold -- 4 Cartilage Tissue Engineering Using Hybrid Scaffolds -- 5 Osteochondral Tissue Engineering Using Hybrid and Biphasic Scaffolds -- 6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- IV. COMPUTATIONAL BIOMECHANICS -- MRI measurements and CFD analysis of hemodynamics in the aorta and the left ventricle M. Nakamura, S. Wada, S. Yokosawa and T. Yamaguchi -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Measurement of the aortic geometry and flow using MRI -- 2.2 Aorta models -- 2.3 Left ventricle model -- 2.4 Blood flow model -- 2.5 Simulation condition and procedure -- 2.6 Hemodynamics factors -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Importance of the inflow condition at the aorta -- 3.1.1 Flow simulation with an integrated model of the left ventricular and the aorta -- 3.1.2 Measurement of the flow dynamics just above the aortic annulus -- 3.2 Hemodynamics in the aorta models with/without tapering and branches -- 4 Discussion -- 4.1 Significance of the inflow condition on the aortic hemodynamics.

4.2 Significance of the branches and tapering of the aorta -- 5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- A fluid-solid interactions study of the pulse wave velocity in uniform arteries T. Fukui, Y. Imai, K. Tsubota, T. Ishikawa, S. Wada, T. Yamaguchi and K. H. Parker -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Numerical models -- 2.2 Governing equations and computational code -- 2.3 Boundary conditions -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Wave propagation -- 3.2 Velocity waveforms -- 3.3 Pulse wave velocity -- 3.4 PWV comparison between computation and theoretical values -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Rule-based simulation of arterial wall thickening induced by low wall shear stress S. Wada, M. Nakamura and T. Karino -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Initial geometry of the blood vessel -- 2.2 Blood flow analysis -- 2.3 Thickening of the vessel wall -- 2.4 Procedure of computer simulation -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- SUBJECT INDEX.