Advanced Thermodynamics for Engineers.
Title:
Advanced Thermodynamics for Engineers.
Author:
Winterbone, D.
ISBN:
9780080523361
Personal Author:
Edition:
1st ed.
Physical Description:
1 online resource (399 pages)
Contents:
Front Cover -- Advanced Thermodynamics for Engineers -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Structure -- Symbols -- Chapter 1. State of Equilibrium -- 1.1 Equilibrium of a thermodynamic system -- 1.2 Helmholtz energy (Helmholtz function) -- 1.3 Gibbs energy (Gibbs function) -- 1.4 The use and significance of the Helmholtz and Gibbs energies -- 1.5 Concluding remarks -- Problems -- Chapter 2. Availability and Exergy -- 2.1 Displacement work -- 2.2 Availability -- 2.3 Examples -- 2.4 Available and non-available energy -- 2.5 Irreversibility -- 2.6 Graphical representation of available energy and irreversibility -- 2.7 Availability balance for a closed system -- 2.8 Availability balance for an open system -- 2.9 Exergy -- 2.10 The variation of flow exergy for a perfect gas -- 2.11 Concluding remarks -- Problems -- Chapter 3. Pinch Technology -- 3.1 A heat transfer network without a pinch problem -- 3.2 A heat transfer network with a pinch point -- 3.3 Concluding remarks -- Problems -- Chapter 4. Rational Efficiency of a Powerplant -- 4.1 The influence of fuel properties on thermal efficiency -- 4.2 Rational efficiency -- 4.3 Rankine cycle -- 4.4 Examples -- 4.5 Concluding remarks -- Problems -- Chapter 5. Efficiency of Heat Engines at Maximum Power -- 5.1 Efficiency of an internally reversible heat engine when producing maximum power output -- 5.2 Efficiency of combined cycle internally reversible heat engines when producing maximum power output -- 5.3 Concluding remarks -- Problems -- Chapter 6. General Thermodynamic Relationships (single component systems, or systems of constant composition) -- 6.1 The Maxwell relationships -- 6.2 Uses of the thermodynamic relationships -- 6.3 Tds relationships -- 6.4 Relationships between specific heat capacities -- 6.5 The Clausius-Clapeyron equation -- 6.6 Concluding remarks -- Problems.
Chapter 7. Equations of State -- 7.1 Ideal gas law -- 7.2 Van der Waals' equation of state -- 7.3 Law of corresponding states -- 7.4 Isotherms or isobars in the two-phase region -- 7.5 Concluding remarks -- Problems -- Chapter 8. Liquefaction of Gases -- 8.1 Liquefaction by cooling - method (i) -- 8.2 Liquefaction by expansion - method (ii) -- 8.3 The Joule-Thomson effect -- 8.4 Linde liquefaction plant -- 8.5 Inversion point on p-v-T surface for water -- 8.6 Concluding remarks -- Problems -- Chapter 9. Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Ideal Gas Mixtures of Constant Composition -- 9.1 Molecular weights -- 9.2 State equation for ideal gases -- 9.3 Tables of u(T) and h(T) against T -- 9.4 Mixtures of ideal gases -- 9.5 Entropy of mixtures -- 9.6 Concluding remarks -- Problems -- Chapter 10. Thermodynamics of Combustion -- 10.1 Simple chemistry -- 10.2 Combustion of simple hydrocarbon fuels -- 10.3 Heats of formation and heats of reaction -- 10.4 Application of the energy equation to the combustion process - a macroscopic approach -- 10.5 Combustion processes -- 10.6 Examples -- 10.7 Concluding remarks -- Problems -- Chapter 11. Chemistry of Combustion -- 11.1 Bond energies and heats of formation -- 11.2 Energy of formation -- 11.3 Enthalpy of reaction -- 11.4 Concluding remarks -- Chapter 12. Chemical Equilibrium and Dissociation -- 12.1 Gibbs energy -- 12.2 Chemical potential, μ -- 12.3 Stoichiometry -- 12.4 Dissociation -- 12.5 Calculation of chemical equilibrium and the law of mass action -- 12.6 Variation of Gibbs energy with composition -- 12.7 Examples of the significance of Kp -- 12.8 The Van't Hoff relationship between equilibrium constant and heat of reaction -- 12.9 The effect of pressure and temperature on degree of dissociation -- 12.10 Dissociation calculations for the evaluation of nitric oxide.
12.11 Dissociation problems with two, or more, degrees of dissociation -- 12.12 Concluding remarks -- Problems -- Chapter 13. The Effect of Dissociation on Combustion Parameters -- 13.1 Calculation of combustion both with and without dissociation -- 13.2 The basic reactions -- 13.3 The effect of dissociation on peak pressure -- 13.4 The effect of dissociation on peak temperature -- 13.5 The effect of dissociation on the composition of the products -- 13.6 The effect of fuel on composition of the products -- 13.7 The formation of oxides of nitrogen -- Chapter 14. Chemical Kinetics -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Reaction rates -- 14.3 Rate constant for reaction, k -- 14.4 Chemical kinetics of NO -- 14.5 The effect of pollutants formed through chemical kinetics -- 14.6 Other methods of producing power from hydrocarbon fuels -- 14.7 Concluding remarks -- Problems -- Chapter 15. Combustion and Flames -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Thermodynamics of combustion -- 15.3 Explosion limits -- 15.4 Flames -- 15.5 Flammability limits -- 15.6 Ignition -- 15.7 Diffusion flames -- 15.8 Engine combustion systems -- 15.9 Concluding remarks -- Problems -- Chapter 16. Irreversible Thermodynamics -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Definition of irreversible or steady state thermodynamics -- 16.3 Entropy flow and entropy production -- 16.4 Thermodynamic forces and thermodynamic velocities -- 16.5 Onsager's reciprocal relation -- 16.6 The calculation of entropy production or entropy flow -- 16.7 Thermoelectricity - the application of irreversible thermodynamics to a thermocouple -- 16.8 Diffusion and heat transfer -- 16.9 Concluding remarks -- Problems -- Chapter 17. Fuel Cells -- 17.1 Electric cells -- 17.2 Fuel cells -- 17.3 Efficiency of a fuel cell -- 17.4 Thermodynamics of cells working in steady state -- 17.5 Concluding remarks -- Problems -- Bibliography.
Index (including Index of tables of properties).
Abstract:
Although the basic theories of thermodynamics are adequately covered by a number of existing texts, there is little literature that addresses more advanced topics. In this comprehensive work the author redresses this balance, drawing on his twenty-five years of experience of teaching thermodynamics at undergraduate and postgraduate level, to produce a definitive text to cover thoroughly, advanced syllabuses. The book introduces the basic concepts which apply over the whole range of new technologies, considering: a new approach to cycles, enabling their irreversibility to be taken into account; a detailed study of combustion to show how the chemical energy in a fuel is converted into thermal energy and emissions; an analysis of fuel cells to give an understanding of the direct conversion of chemical energy to electrical power; a detailed study of property relationships to enable more sophisticated analyses to be made of both high and low temperature plant and irreversible thermodynamics, whose principles might hold a key to new ways of efficiently covering energy to power (e.g. solar energy, fuel cells). Worked examples are included in most of the chapters, followed by exercises with solutions. By developing thermodynamics from an explicitly equilibrium perspective, showing how all systems attempt to reach a state of equilibrium, and the effects of these systems when they cannot, the result is an unparalleled insight into the more advanced considerations when converting any form of energy into power, that will prove invaluable to students and professional engineers of all disciplines.
Local Note:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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