Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- About the contributors -- Introduction -- References -- 1 Safeguarding children and young people with continence difficulties -- Key points -- Legislation underpinning the safeguarding of children and young people -- The Healthcare Commission annual health check -- Safeguarding vulnerable people following the Bichard Inquiry: the Vetting and Barring Scheme -- Practical responses -- Case history examples -- Summary: what next? -- References -- 2 Involving and communicating with patients -- Key points -- Health promotion points -- What is communication? -- Getting to know your patient -- Practical barriers -- What makes a good communicator? -- Communicating in a social context -- References -- 3 Embryology of the urogenital tract and pelvic floor -- Key points -- Development of the urinary system -- Development of the genital system -- External genitalia -- References -- 4 Anatomy and physiology of the urinary system, and some common problems -- Key points -- Health promotion point -- Ureters -- The bladder -- The urethra in boys -- The urethra in girls -- The pelvic floor -- Storage of urine -- Innervation and neuro-transmitters and voiding -- Micturition and bladder control -- Voiding -- References -- 5 Anorectal anatomy and physiology -- Key points -- Health promotion point -- The colon -- Anatomy -- Physiology -- The physiology and pathophysiology of defecation and continence -- References -- 6 Investigations for bladder problems -- Key points -- Assessment -- Referral for further investigation -- Plan -- Radiological investigations -- Blood tests -- Conclusion -- References -- 7 Nocturnal enuresis -- Key Points -- Definitions -- Predisposing factors -- Pathology/physiology -- Pathway and care -- Specialist services -- Simple behavioural and physical interventions -- Enuresis alarms -- Drugs.

Conclusion -- References -- 8 Faecal soiling in childhood -- Key Points -- Health promotion points -- Promoting health -- Definitions -- Assessment -- Treatment -- Conclusion -- References -- 9 Urinary tract infection in childhood -- Key points -- Health promotion points -- Epidemiology -- Clinical presentation -- Diagnosis -- Treatment -- Pathogenesis of UTI -- Pathogenesis of renal scarring -- Management -- Long-term outlook -- Investigations -- Conclusion -- References -- 10 Surgical assessment and management of urinary continence in children with neuropathic bladder -- Key points -- Continence in children with no neurological impairment -- Assessment -- The next steps -- The training programme -- Newborns with neuropathic bladder -- Clean intermittent catheterisation (CIC) -- Surgical intervention -- Bladder neck incompetence -- Postoperative complications -- Conclusion -- References -- 11 A surgical perspective on intractable faecal incontinence -- Key points -- Health promotion points -- Prevalence -- Aetiology -- Assessment -- Investigation -- Treatment -- Conclusion -- References -- 12 Psychological issues of incontinence -- Key points -- Health promotion points -- Developmental factors -- Psychological impact -- Psychological aspects of treatment -- Assessment -- Formulating and carrying out a treatment plan -- Specific strategies -- Psychological support during treatment -- Incontinence as a symptom of emotional distress -- Children with enduring continence problems -- Summary -- References -- 13 Holistic assessment for adaptations, equipment and product needs -- Key points -- General principles of assessment -- Risk assessment -- Environmental assessment -- Provision of equipment -- What equipment is available? -- Continence products for children -- Clothing -- Conclusion -- References -- 14 Managing clean intermittent catheterisation.

Key points -- Health promotion points -- Reasons for use -- Catheter types -- Psychological preparation -- Teaching methods -- Troubleshooting -- Catheterising in school -- Mitrofanoff -- Latex allergy -- Conclusion -- References -- 15 Transition through childhood and into adult life -- Key points -- Continence problems -- Transitions within the school system -- Child protection -- Assessment -- Particular issues at different stages -- Conclusion -- References -- 16 Continence issues in schools -- Key points -- The Uffculme approach -- Pathways and care -- A nursing view of continence problems in schools -- Conclusion -- References -- 17 Strategy for developing integrated paediatric continence services -- Key points -- Health promotion points -- The limits of practice -- Combined assessment processes -- Conclusion -- References -- 18 Ensuring proficiency -- Key points -- Standards of care -- Competence and proficiency -- 'Essence of Care' -- The way forward -- References -- 19 Governance and standards for better health -- Key points -- Relating the standards to children's needs -- Conclusion -- References -- Glossary -- Appendix 1 ERIC and other resources -- What is ERIC? -- Why is ERIC needed? -- What can ERIC offer children, families and health professionals? -- How you can help ERIC to help others -- ERIC's plans for the future -- Other useful organisations -- Appendix 2 The part played by incontinence in Victoria Climbié's tragedy -- Appendix 3 Statement of inter-professional values underpinning work with children and young people -- Work with children and young people, parents, carers and families -- Inter-professional work with colleagues -- Index.