Cover -- Preface -- Contents -- Unit-1 -- An Overview of the Legal and SocioeconomicImpacts of Biotechnology-Biosafety Regulations -- National and International Level Biosafety Regulations -- Trials On-field -- Upscaling of Field Trials -- Unit-2 -- Intellectual Property Rights -- Implications of IPRs and Agricultural Technology -- World Trade Organisation (WTO) -- WTO Agreements -- Developing Countries Development and Trade -- Technical Assistance and Training -- Structure -- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) -- General Provisions and Basic Principles -- Patenting and the Procedures Involved in the Application for Granting of a Patent -- Steps to a Patent -- Compulsory Licenses -- Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) -- Examples of Patents in Biotechnology -- Special Application of Patents in Biotechnology -- Patenting of Living Organisms -- Bioethics in Biodiversity -- Ethics of Resource Management -- Impacts of Patenting on Biodiversity-Rich Developing Countries -- Impact of GM Crops and GM Foods -- Unit-3 -- Human Genome Project -- Ethical Issues of the Human Genome Project -- The Human Genome Diversity Project -- The Need for a Strategic Framework -- Foetal Sex Determination -- The Indian Law on Abortion -- Social Implications of the Act -- Ethical Issues in MTP -- Ethical Issues Leading to Legal Issues -- Genetic Studies on Ethnic Races -- Unit-4 -- Stem Cells Research -- Introduction -- Applications of Stem Cells -- Ethics Involved in Stem-Cell Research -- Use of Cell-Cultures as Alternatives to Use of Animals -- Replacement -- Use of Animals for Research and Testing -- Animal Cloning -- Ethics and Animal Cloning -- Human Cloning -- Why Cloning Humans is Ethically Unacceptable? -- Controlling Someone Else's Genetic Makeup -- Instrumentality -- Infertility-An Exception to Instrumentality.

Psychological Effect-Identity and Relationship -- Physical Risk -- Social Risk -- Unit-5 -- Organs Transplantation in Human Beings -- Ethics in Xenotransplantation -- Bioethical Issues -- Transgenesis -- Informed Consent -- Allocation of Health Care Resources -- Patentability and Xenotransplantation -- Organ Culture -- Ethical Issues -- Animal Rights -- Public Assent -- Allocation of Organs -- Distribution of Medical Resources -- Living Things as Property -- Breaking News -- CCAC Guidelines on Transgenic Animals (1997) -- CCAC Guidelines on Animal Welfare -- Laboratory Animal Management -- The Need for Ethical Review.