Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Introduction -- One Historical Background -- 1 Jus ad Bellum -- I Between Pacifism and Realism -- II Just Cause and Regular War -- III Simultaneous Ostensible Justice -- IV Hard Cases -- V Justifying versus Merely Persuasive Causes of War -- VI Defensive War -- VII Preventive War -- VIII. Offensive War: Recuperation and Punishment -- 2 The Jus in Bello in Historical and Philosophical Perspective -- I The Just War Tradition and the Jus in Bello -- A The Early Modern Jus in Bello -- B From Jus Gentium to the Laws of War -- II. The Jus in Bello Today: Problems and Perspectives -- Two initiating war -- 3 The Principle of Just Cause -- I Conversion of Heathens and Promotion of Democracy -- II. Paradigmatic Just Cause: Self-Defense -- III Reconceptualizing the Principle of Just Cause -- IV Proportionality and Just Cause -- V Just Cause and the Elements of the Crime of Aggression -- VI Rethinking the Separation of Jus ad Bellum and Jus in Bello -- 4 Aggression and Punishment -- I Two Paradigms of Just War -- II A Brief Historical Interlude -- III. Can Aggressive War Be Permissible? -- IV Punishment as a Just Cause for War -- 5 Responding to Humanitarian Crises -- I Introduction -- II Sovereignty and Humanitarian Crises -- III Sovereignty and Human Rights -- IV Human Rights and Intervention -- V Intervention and the State -- VI Humanitarianism and Nonideal Theory -- VII Conclusion -- 6 War and Democracy -- I Democracy as Just Cause of War -- II Hierarchy, War, and Famine -- III. Extending the Democratic Peace: Beyond Anarchy and Hierarchy -- IV. Conclusion: The Dialectic between Peace and Democracy -- Three Waging War -- 7 Proportionality and Necessity -- I Consequence Conditions -- II Relevant Benefits -- III Relevant Harms -- IV Weighing Benefits against Harms.

V Conclusion -- 8 Collateral Damage -- I The Doctrine of Double Effect and Collateral Damage -- II Social Contract Arguments and Collateral Damage -- III Consequentialism and Collateral Damage -- IV. Pacifism in Practice? -- 9 Weapons of Mass Destruction -- I Destructiveness -- II Indiscriminateness -- III Dreadedness and Nonlethality -- IV Not WMD (or WID), but WAD -- 10 Justifying Torture as an Act of War -- I. What Is Torture? -- II Why Torture Is Morally Wrong -- III. Exceptions? -- 11 On Terrorism: Definition, Defense, and Women -- I Defining Terrorism -- II Defending Terrorism -- III The Moral Responsibility of Female Terrorists -- Four Ending War -- 12 War's Aftermath: The Challenges of Reconciliation -- I Justice and Reconciliation after War -- II The Centrality of Social Trust -- III. Law and the Truth Commissions: Conceptions of Justice -- IV Thinking about Victims and Perpetrators -- V Avoiding Dichotomization -- VI Concluding Comments -- 13 Amnesties and International Law -- I. When Is It Rational to Offer Amnesty? -- II. When Is It Morally Permissible to Grant an Amnesty? -- III. When Should the International Community Respect an Amnesty? -- IV Conclusion -- 14 War Crimes -- I. Is Law Silent When Arms Are Raised? -- II The Law of War as Practical Humanitarianism -- III A Quick Tour of the Law of War -- IV Demarcating War -- V. Athena's Disciples -- VI The Legal Consequences of Discipline -- VII Modern War Crimes Trials -- 15 Revenge and Demonization -- I Introduction -- II The Stoics and Aristotle -- III Revenge through the Lens of Honor -- IV Revenge Feelings in the Raw -- V Grief That Tempers Revenge -- VI Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index.