Front Cover -- Monomers, Polymers and Composites from Renewable Resources -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- List of Contributors -- Chapter 1 The State of the Art -- ABSTRACT -- 1.1 THE CONTEXT -- 1.2 VEGETABLE RESOURCES -- 1.3 ANIMAL RESOURCES -- 1.4 BACTERIAL POLYMERS -- 1.5 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 Terpenes: Major Sources, Properties and Applications -- ABSTRACT -- 2.1 INTRODUCTION -- 2.2 TURPENTINE -- 2.3 TURPENTINE APPLICATIONS -- 2.4 POLYMERS FROM TERPENES -- 2.5 POLYTERPENE APPLICATIONS -- 2.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 Materials from Vegetable Oils: Major Sources, Properties and Applications -- ABSTRACT -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION -- 3.2 PROPERTIES OF VEGETABLE OILS AND FATTY ACIDS -- 3.3 ISOLATION OF VEGETABLE OILS -- 3.4 POLYMERS FROM VEGETABLE OILS -- 3.5 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 Rosin: Major Sources, Properties and Applications -- ABSTRACT -- 4.1 INTRODUCTION -- 4.2 ROSIN CHEMICAL COMPOSITION -- 4.3 RESIN ACIDS CHEMICAL REACTIVITY -- 4.4 MAJOR APPLICATIONS OF ROSIN AND DERIVATIVES -- 4.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 Sugars as Monomers -- ABSTRACT -- 5.1 INTRODUCTION -- 5.2 ALDITOLS -- 5.3 ALDONIC ACIDS AND LACTONES -- 5.4 ALDARIC ACIDS -- 5.5 AMINOSUGARS -- 5.6 MISCELLANEOUS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 Furan Derivatives and Furan Chemistry at the Service of Macromolecular Materials -- ABSTRACT -- 6.1 INTRODUCTION -- 6.2 THE FURAN HETEROCYCLE AND SOME OF ITS CHEMICAL FEATURES -- 6.3 FURFURAL AND HYDROXYMETHYLFURFURAL -- 6.4 FURAN MONOMERS -- 6.5 POLYMERS FROM CHAIN REACTIONS -- 6.6 POLYMERS FROM STEP-GROWTH REACTIONS -- 6.7 CONJUGATED OLIGOMERS AND POLYMERS -- 6.8 THE APPLICATION OF THE DA REACTION TO FURAN POLYMERS -- 6.9 MISCELLANEOUS DENDRIMERS -- 6.10 THE AGING OF FURAN POLYMERS -- 6.11 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES.

Chapter 7 Surfactants from Renewable Sources: Synthesis and Applications -- ABSTRACT -- 7.1 INTRODUCTION -- 7.2 CARBOHYDRATE-BASED SURFACTANTS -- 7.3 SURFACTANTS BASED ON RRMs ENTIRELY FROM OLEOCHEMISTRY: POLYGLYCEROL ESTERS -- 7.4 NOVEL BIODEGRADABLE PLANT-DERIVED CATIONIC EMULSIFIERS FOR ROAD CONSTRUCTION AND COSMETICS -- 7.5 GEMINI SURFACTANTS AND BOLAAMPHIPHILES -- 7.6 CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 Tannins: Major Sources, Properties and Applications -- ABSTRACT -- 8.1 HISTORY OF TANNINS EXTRACTION -- 8.2 MAJOR SOURCES -- 8.3 USES -- 8.4 TANNIN STRUCTURE -- 8.5 ANALYSIS -- 8.6 A FEW CONSIDERATIONS ON LEATHER MANUFACTURE -- 8.7 TANNIN-BASED ADHESIVES -- 8.8 TECHNOLOGY OF INDUSTRIAL TANNIN ADHESIVES -- 8.9 NEW CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES -- 8.10 CEMENT SUPERPLASTICIZERS -- 8.11 MEDICAL/PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9 Lignins: Major Sources, Structure and Properties -- ABSTRACT -- 9.1 INTRODUCTION -- 9.2 NOMENCLATURE OF LIGNIN -- 9.3 BIOSYNTHESIS OF MONOLIGNOLS AND THE FORMATION OF LIGNIN -- 9.4 MAJOR SOURCES OF LIGNIN -- 9.5 THE STRUCTURE OF LIGNIN -- 9.6 TECHNICAL LIGNINS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10 Industrial Commercial Lignins: Sources, Properties and Applications -- ABSTRACT -- 10.1 INTRODUCTION -- 10.2 SULPHITE LIGNIN -- 10.3 KRAFT LIGNIN -- 10.4 SODA LIGNIN -- 10.5 OTHER FUTURE POTENTIAL SOURCES OF INDUSTRIAL LIGNINS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11 Lignins as Components of Macromolecular Materials -- ABSTRACT -- 11.1 INTRODUCTION -- 11.2 LIGNINS AS PHYSICAL COMPONENTS -- 11.3 LIGNINS AS MACROMONOMERS -- 11.4 CARBON FIBRES AND OTHER GRAPHITIC MATERIALS -- 11.5 LIGNIN SURFACES AND INTERFACES -- 11.6 AROMATIC MONOMERS FROM LIGNIN AND MODEL POLYMERS -- 11.7 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES.

Chapter 12 Partial or Total Oxypropylation of Natural Polymers and the Use of the Ensuing Materials as Composites or Polyol Macromonomers -- ABSTRACT -- 12.1 INTRODUCTION -- 12.2 'TOTAL' OXYPROPYLATION -- 12.3 POLYURETHANE FOAMS -- 12.4 PARTIAL OXYPROPYLATION -- 12.5 CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 13 Hemicelluloses: Major Sources, Properties and Applications -- ABSTRACT -- 13.1 STRUCTURE, SOURCES AND PROPERTIES -- 13.2 APPLICATIONS -- 13.3 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 14 Cork and Suberins: Major Sources, Properties and Applications -- ABSTRACT -- 14.1 INTRODUCTION -- 14.2 CORK -- 14.3 SUBERIN -- 14.4 APPLICATIONS OF SUBERIN AND SUBERIN COMPONENTS -- 14.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 15 Starch: Major Sources, Properties and Applications as Thermoplastic Materials -- ABSTRACT -- 15.1 INTRODUCTION -- 15.2 MAIN SOURCES OF STARCH -- 15.3 STRUCTURE OF STARCH GRANULES -- 15.4 DISRUPTION OF STARCH GRANULES -- 15.5 APPLICATIONS OF STARCH AS A RAW MATERIAL FOR PLASTIC PRODUCTION -- 15.6 THERMOPLASTIC STARCH -- 15.7 CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 16 Cellulose Chemistry: Novel Products and Synthesis Paths -- ABSTRACT -- 16.1 INTRODUCTION -- 16.2 CARBOXYLIC ACID ESTERS -- 16.3 NUCLEOPHILIC DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS WITH CELLULOSE -- 16.4 ETHERIFICATION OF CELLULOSE -- 16.5 CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 17 Bacterial Cellulose from Glucanacetobacter xylinus: Preparation, Properties and Applications -- ABSTRACT -- 17.1 INTRODUCTION -- 17.2 CELLULOSE SYNTHESIS -- 17.3 PROPERTIES -- 17.4 APPLICATIONS -- 17.5 CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 18 Surface Modification of Cellulose Fibres -- ABSTRACT -- 18.1 INTRODUCTION -- 18.2 SUBSTRATES AND METHODS OF CHARACTERIZATION -- 18.3 SURFACE MODIFICATION STRATEGIES -- 18.4 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES.

Chapter 19 Cellulose-Based Composites and Nanocomposites -- ABSTRACT -- 19.1 INTRODUCTION -- 19.2 NATURAL FIBRES -- 19.3 COMPOSITES -- 19.4 COMPOSITE PROCESSING -- 19.5 COMPOSITE PROPERTIES -- 19.6 NANOCOMPOSITES -- 19.7 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 20 Chemical Modification of Wood -- ABSTRACT -- 20.1 INTRODUCTION -- 20.2 CHEMICAL MODIFICATION -- 20.3 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 21 Polylactic Acid: Synthesis, Properties and Applications -- ABSTRACT -- 21.1 INTRODUCTION -- 21.2 SYNTHESIS OF PLA -- 21.3 PLA PROPERTIES -- 21.4 DEGRADATION -- 21.5 PROCESSING -- 21.6 APPLICATIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 22 Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Origin, Properties and Applications -- ABSTRACT -- 22.1 INTRODUCTION -- 22.2 HISTORICAL REVIEW -- 22.3 PREPARATION, SYNTHESIS -- 22.4 STRUCTURE -- 22.5 ULTIMATE PROPERTIES -- 22.6 THERMAL AND HYDROLYTIC DEGRADATION -- 22.7 MODIFICATION -- 22.8 PROCESSING -- 22.9 APPLICATIONS -- 22.10 PRODUCERS -- 22.11 OUTLOOK -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 23 Proteins as Sources of Materials -- ABSTRACT -- 23.1 INTRODUCTION -- 23.2 STRUCTURES -- 23.3 PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- 23.4 IMPORTANT PROTEINS AS SOURCES OF MATERIALS -- 23.5 POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS AS MATERIALS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 24 Polyelectrolytes Derived from Natural Polysaccharides -- ABSTRACT -- 24.1 INTRODUCTION -- 24.2 POLYELECTROLYTE CHARACTERIZATION -- 24.3 CELLULOSE IONIC DERIVATIVES -- 24.4 STARCH IONIC DERIVATIVES -- 24.5 SEAWEED POLYSACCHARIDES -- 24.6 PECTINS -- 24.7 GALACTOMANNAN IONIC DERIVATIVES -- 24.8 LIGNINS AND LIGNOSULPHONATES -- 24.9 CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 25 Chitin and Chitosan: Major Sources, Properties and Applications -- ABSTRACT -- 25.1 INTRODUCTION -- 25.2 METHODS OF PREPARATION -- 25.3 CHARACTERIZATION OF CHITIN AND CHITOSAN -- 25.4 INTERACTION WITH METAL IONS -- 25.5 CHITOSAN IN POLYELECTROLYTE COMPLEXES.

25.6 APPLICATIONS IN MEDICINE AND PHARMACY -- 25.7 APPLICATIONS IN AGRICULTURE -- 25.8 APPLICATIONS IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY -- 25.9 APPLICATIONS IN COSMETICS -- 25.10 OTHER APPLICATIONS -- REFERENCES -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z -- Colour Plate.