Bioinorganic Vanadium Chemistry -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Introduction and Background -- 1.1 History -- 1.2 Occurrence, Distribution and Impact -- Further Reading -- References -- 2 Inorganic and Coordination Compounds of Vanadium -- 2.1 Inorganic Aspects of the Function of Vanadium in Biological Systems -- 2.1.1 The Aqueous Vanadium(III, IV and V) Systems -- 2.1.2 Binary and Ternary Systems Containing Vanadium(IV and V) -- 2.1.3 Halides and Esters Derived from Orthovanadic Acid -- 2.2 Interaction of Aqueous Vanadate and Vanadyl with Biogenic Ligands -- 2.2.1 Speciation in the Vanadate System -- 2.2.2 Speciation in the Vanadyl System -- 2.3 Vanadium Coordination Compounds -- 2.3.1 Structural Features -- 2.3.2 Coordination Compounds with (Potential) Model Character for Biogenic Vanadium Systems -- 2.4 The Vanadium-Carbon Bond -- References -- 3 Physico-chemical Methods for the Characterisation of Native and Model Vanadium Compounds -- 3.1 51V NMR Spectroscopy -- 3.1.1 General -- 3.1.2 Shielding in Isotropic Media -- 3.1.3 Other 51V NMR Parameters -- 3.1.4 NMR Parameters Under 'Confined' Conditions -- 3.2 NMR of Other Nuclei -- 3.3 EPR Spectroscopy -- 3.3.1 General -- 3.3.2 Applications -- 3.3.3 Other Paramagnetic Centres -- 3.4 ESEEM and ENDOR Spectroscopies -- 3.5 Optical Spectroscopies -- 3.5.1 UV-Vis -- 3.5.2 Circular Dichroism -- 3.6 X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy -- 3.6.1 Background and General -- 3.6.2 Biological Applications -- References -- 4 Naturally Occurring Vanadium Compounds -- 4.1 Vanadium in Ascidians and Polychaete Worms -- 4.1.1 Ascidians: History, Speculations and Facts -- An Introduction and Overview -- 4.1.2 Ascidians: The Present Stand -- 4.1.3 Polychaeta Fan Worms -- 4.1.4 Model Chemistry -- 4.2 Amavadin -- 4.3 Vanadate-dependent Haloperoxidases -- 4.3.1 History, Background and General Aspects.

4.3.2 Structural and Catalytic Features -- 4.3.3 Model Chemistry -- 4.4 Vanadium and the Nitrogen Cycle -- 4.4.1 Vanadium Nitrogenases -- 4.4.2 Vanadium-dependent Nitrate Reductases? -- 4.5 Vanadate as Energiser for Bacteria, and Vanadophores -- References -- 5 Influence of Vanadium Compounds on Cellular Functions -- 5.1 Medicinal Aspects of Vanadium -- 5.1.1 The Anti-diabetic Potential of Vanadium Compounds -- 5.1.2 Other Potential Medicinal Applications -- 5.2 Interaction of Vanadium with Proteins and Protein Substrates -- 5.2.1 Vanadium- and Phosphate-metabolising Enzymes -- 5.2.2 Inhibition of Lactamases -- 5.2.3 Structural Vanadium Analogues of Phosphate Esters and Anhydrides -- 5.2.4 Nonfunctional Binding of Vanadate and Vanadyl to Proteins -- 5.2.5 Modification of Proteins by Vanadate -- References -- 6 Epilogue -- References -- Index.