Handbook of Industrial Water Soluble Polymers -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Rheological behaviour -- 1.2 Polymer adsorption and colloid stability -- 1.3 Surface modification -- 1.4 Complexation and controlled release -- 1.5 Packaging -- References -- 2 Natural Thickeners -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Marine polysaccharides -- 2.1.2 Botanical polysaccharides -- 2.1.3 Microbial polysaccharides -- 2.1.4 Chemically modified polysaccharides -- 2.2 Introduction to rheology -- 2.2.1 Measurement of viscosity -- 2.2.2 Measurement of viscoelasticity -- 2.3 Rheology of natural thickeners -- 2.3.1 Viscosity of entanglement network solutions -- 2.3.2 Viscoelasticity of entanglement network solutions -- 2.3.3 Weak and strong gels -- 2.4 Dispersion and hydration -- 2.5 Food applications of natural thickeners -- 2.5.1 Dressings and sauces -- 2.5.2 Beverages -- 2.5.3 Baking -- 2.5.4 Ice cream -- 2.6 Non-food applications -- 2.6.1 Oil drilling fluids -- 2.6.2 Acidic, basic and chlorinated cleaning products -- 2.6.3 Personal care and cosmetics -- 2.6.4 Textile printing -- 2.6.5 Paper coating -- 2.6.6 Building materials -- 2.7 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Acrylic Polymers as Rheology Modifiers for Water-Based Systems -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Chemistry of acrylic polymer thickeners -- 3.2.1 Addition polymers -- 3.3 Polymer synthesis techniques -- 3.3.1 Polymer physical forms -- 3.3.2 Liquid grades -- 3.4 Polymer characterisation -- 3.4.1 Polymer characterisation techniques -- 3.4.2 Rotational viscometers -- 3.5 Basic concepts of rheological behaviour -- 3.5.1 Advances in rheological characterisation -- 3.5.2 Extensional viscosity -- 3.6 End-use applications for synthetic thickeners -- 3.6.1 Oilfield flooding applications -- 3.6.2 Drag reduction -- 3.6.3 Textile printing applications -- 3.6.4 Emulsion paints and water-based coatings.

3.6.5 Cosmetic, toiletry and household formulations -- 3.6.6 Agricultural spray systems -- 3.7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Appendix -- References -- 4 Gelling Agents -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Gelation triggered by temperature -- 4.2.1 Gels formed on cooling -- 4.2.2 Gel formation on heating -- 4.3 Ion-mediated gelation -- 4.3.1 Cation-mediated gelation -- 4.3.2 Anion-mediated gelation -- 4.4 Retrogradation -- 4.4.1 Starch -- 4.4.2 Konjac mannan -- 4.5 Summary -- References -- 5 Emulsification and Encapsulation -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Emulsions -- 5.2.1 Introduction -- 5.2.2 Droplet characteristics -- 5.2.3 Formation of emulsions -- 5.2.4 Encapsulation of emulsified lipids -- 5.2.5 Emulsion stability -- 5.2.6 Bulk physicochemical properties of emulsions -- 5.3 Water soluble polymer emulsifiers -- 5.3.1 Introduction -- 5.3.2 Molecular characteristics -- 5.3.3 Interfacial activity and emulsion stabilization -- 5.4 Selection of an appropriate polymeric emulsifier -- 5.5 Common water soluble polymers used as emulsifiers in foods -- 5.5.1 Proteins -- 5.5.2 Polysaccharides -- 5.5.3 Protein-polysaccharide complexes -- 5.6 Conclusions -- References -- 6 Polymeric Flocculants -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Basic theory of suspensions and flocculation -- 6.2.1 The mechanism of bridging flocculation -- 6.2.2 The charge patch mechanism -- 6.3 Material types -- 6.3.1 Natural products -- 6.3.2 Synthetic polymers -- 6.4 Synthesis of synthetic water soluble polymers -- 6.5 Characterisation of industrial water soluble polymers -- 6.5.1 Ionic character -- 6.5.2 Viscosity -- 6.5.3 Molar mass -- 6.6 Solid/liquid separation -- 6.6.1 Clarifiers -- 6.6.2 Thickeners -- 6.6.3 Centrifuges -- 6.6.4 Filters -- 6.6.5 Flocculant selection -- 6.6.6 Coagulant use -- 6.6.7 Operating strategies -- 6.7 Mineral processing -- 6.8 Oil industry applications.

6.8.1 Water injection systems -- 6.8.2 Oily water clarification -- 6.9 Municipal wastewaters and sludges -- 6.10 Industrial effluents -- 6.11 Potable water treatment -- 6.12 Paper making applications -- 6.12.1 Retention, drainage and formation -- 6.12.2 Flocculation mechanisms in paper making -- 6.12.3 Development of retention, drainage and formation programs -- 6.13 The use of high molecular weight flocculants in agriculture -- 6.14 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7 Polymer Micelles: Amphiphilic Block and Graft Copolymers as Polymeric Surfactants -- Nomenclature -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Structures and synthesis of block and graft copolymers -- 7.2.1 Block copolymers with linear A-B and A-B-A architecture -- 7.2.2 Block copolymers with complex molecular architecture -- 7.2.3 Graft copolymers -- 7.3 Block and graft copolymer micelles in aqueous medium -- 7.3.1 Generalities -- 7.3.2 Preparation techniques -- 7.3.3 Characterization of copolymer micelles: experimental techniques -- 7.3.4 Dynamics of micellar systems -- 7.3.5 Solubilization in micelles -- 7.3.6 Thermodynamic aspects, theories and computer simulations -- 7.3.7 Micellization of non-ionic amphiphilic block copolymers -- 7.3.8 Micellization of anionic amphiphilic copolymers -- 7.3.9 Micellization of cationic amphiphilic copolymers -- 7.3.10 Micellization of double-hydrophilic copolymers -- 7.3.11 Cross-linked micellar structures -- 7.3.12 Micellization of copolymers with complex molecular architecture -- 7.3.13 Comicellization and complex formation -- 7.4 Application possibilities of biocompatible copolymer micellar systems -- 7.4.1 Solubilization of bioactive components in micellar systems: controlled drug release -- 7.4.2 Miscellaneous biomedical applications -- 7.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 8 Applications of Water-Soluble Dendrimers.

8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Medical applications of dendrimers -- 8.2.1 Dendritic drug delivery systems -- 8.2.2 Dendrimer mediated gene transfection -- 8.2.3 Dendritic medical imaging systems -- 8.2.4 Other medical applications of dendrimers -- 8.3 Dendritic metal nanoparticles -- 8.4 Dendritic catalysts -- 8.5 Dendritic phase transfer catalysts -- 8.6 Dendritic sensor and indicator devices -- 8.7 Dendrimer surfactants -- 8.8 Dendritic coatings -- 8.9 Selective dendritic complexation agents for heavy metal ions -- 8.10 Dendritic porogenic agents -- 8.11 Hydrogels/gelators -- 8.12 Other notable applications of water-soluble dendrimers -- 8.13 Conclusion -- References -- 9 Preparation, Properties and Applications of Colloidal Microgels -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Microgel preparation -- 9.2.1 Emulsion polymerisation -- 9.2.2 Inverse EP -- 9.2.3 Living free-radical polymerisation -- 9.2.4 Radiation polymerisation -- 9.2.5 Synthesis of core-shell microgels -- 9.3 Characterisation of microgels -- 9.3.1 Dynamic light scattering -- 9.3.2 Small-angle neutron scattering -- 9.3.3 Turbidimetric analysis -- 9.3.4 Other techniques -- 9.4 Properties and applications -- 9.4.1 Thermosensitive microgels -- 9.4.2 Effects of co-monomers -- 9.4.3 pH sensitivity -- 9.4.4 Swelling and de-swelling behaviour -- 9.4.5 Effects of cross-linkers -- 9.4.6 Osmotic de-swelling -- 9.4.7 Colloid stability -- 9.4.8 Microgel structure -- 9.4.9 Rheological properties -- 9.4.10 Electrical properties -- 9.4.11 Drug delivery vehicles -- 9.4.12 Other current areas of applications -- 9.5 Conclusions -- References -- 10 Industrial Water Soluble Polymers in Packaging -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Present-day challenges to IWSPs for packaging -- 10.2.1 Renewability paradigm, or predicted exhaustion of world petroleum reserves and global warming challenge.

10.2.2 Need to ensure biodegradability in packaging materials -- 10.3 Survey of IWSPs used in packaging -- 10.3.1 Synthetic IWSPs -- 10.3.2 Naturally derived IWSPs -- 10.3.3 Conclusions -- 10.4 Key characteristics of materials used in packaging -- 10.4.1 Barrier properties -- 10.4.2 Thermal and mechanical properties -- 10.4.3 Ageing of polymers -- 10.4.4 Manipulation of critical barrier/thermo-mechanical properties -- 10.5 Conclusion -- References -- Index.