Contents -- STUDENT EDITION -- FIGURES AND TABLES IN THE STUDENT EDITION -- PREFACE -- SciLinks -- SECTION 1: UNDERSTANDING WATERSHED DYNAMICS -- SECTION 2. PROTOCOLS: INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH -- SECTION 3. INTERACTIVE RESEARCH: FIELD STUDIES AND EXPERIMENTS -- SECTION 4. INTERACTIVE RESEARCH: STORMWATER TREATMENT DESIGN CHALLENGE -- FIGURES AND TABLES IN THE STUDENT EDITION -- FIGURES -- SECTION 1 -- SECTION 2 -- TABLES -- SECTION 1 -- SECTION 2 -- SECTION 3 -- PREFACE -- WHY STUDY WATERSHED DYNAMICS? -- CARRYING OUT YOUR OWN RESEARCH -- HOW TO USE THIS BOOK -- SECTION 1 -- UNDERSTANDING WATERSHED DYNAMICS -- CHAPTER 1 -- INTRODUCTION TO WATERSHED DYNAMICS -- WHAT IS A WATERSHED? -- THE WATER CYCLE -- COMPETING NEEDS FOR WATER -- DISCUSSION QUESTIONS -- CHAPTER 2 -- WHAT'S IN A WATERSHED? -- CLASSIFYING LAND USES -- EFFECTS OF LAND USE ON RUNOFF QUANTITY -- EFFECTS OF LAND USE ON WATER QUALITY -- EFFECTS OF LAND USE ON HABITAT -- Riparian Zones -- DISCUSSION QUESTIONS -- CHAPTER 3 -- BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES IN STREAMS -- FOOD CHAINS AND WEBS -- STREAM INVERTEBRATES -- USING INVERTEBRATES TO ASSESS STREAM QUALITY -- DISCUSSION QUESTIONS -- CHAPTER 4 -- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF STREAMS -- TEMPERATURE -- TURBIDITY -- STREAM ORDER -- RATES OF FLOW -- Streamflow Changes over Time -- Impact of Impervious Surfaces -- DISCUSSION QUESTIONS -- CHAPTER 5 -- STREAM CHEMISTRY -- DISSOLVED OXYGEN -- Effect of Turbulence on Oxygen -- Effect of Temperature on Oxygen -- Effects of Living Things on Oxygen -- Effects of Organic Pollution on Oxygen -- pH -- ALKALINITY -- PHOSPHORUS -- The Phosphorus Cycle -- Effects of Excess Phosphate -- NITROGEN -- The Nitrogen Cycle -- Effects of Excess Nitrate -- CHLORIDE -- DISCUSSION QUESTIONS -- CHAPTER 6 -- MODELING AND MANAGEMENT -- SCIENTIFIC MODELS -- USING MODELS TO EVALUATE MANAGEMENT OPTIONS.

A CASE STUDY: MANAGING NEW YORK CITY'S WATER SUPPLY -- COMMUNITY ACTION: MAKING A DIFFERENCE IN YOUR OWN WATERSHED -- DISCUSSION QUESTIONS -- SECTION 2 -- PROTOCOLS: -- INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH -- OVERVIEW -- PROTOCOLS -- PROTOCOL 1. WATERSHED FIELD SURVEY -- Objective -- Background -- Materials (per student group) -- Procedure -- PROTOCOL 2. OBJECT RECOGNITION USING MAPS AND AIRPHOTOS -- Objective -- Materials (per student group) -- Procedure -- PROTOCOL 3. DELINEATING A WATERSHED -- Objectives -- Background -- Ridges -- Gullies -- Materials (per student group) -- Procedure -- PROTOCOL 4. ANALYZING STREAM INTEGRITY USING REMOTE SENSING DATA -- Objective -- Background -- Materials (per student group) -- Procedure -- ACTIVITY 4.1-STREAM INTEGRITY AND AQUATIC COMMUNITIES -- Objective -- Background -- Testing WHEBIP -- PROCEDURE -- PROTOCOL 5. COLLECTING AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES -- Objective -- Background -- Materials (per student group) -- Procedure -- Part 1. Collecting Macroinvertebrates -- Part 2. Preliminary Processing -- Part 3. Sorting -- Part 4. Checking in -- Part 5. Final Processing -- Analysis -- Protocol 6 -- Protocol 7 -- PROTOCOL 6. SIMPLIFIED STREAM BIOTA TEST (SSBT) -- Objective -- Background -- Materials (per student group) -- Procedure -- PROTOCOL 7. INDEX OF BIOTIC INTEGRITY (IBI) USING AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES -- Objective -- Background -- Species Richness -- Dominance -- Indicator Species -- Materials -- Procedure -- PROTOCOL 8. MEASURING STREAM DISCHARGE -- Objective -- Background -- Materials (per student group) -- Procedure -- Measuring Stream Velocity -- Measuring Stream Depth and Cross-Sectional Area -- Calculating Discharge -- PROTOCOL 9. AQUATIC CHEMISTRY -- Objective -- Background -- Materials (will vary with sample site) -- Procedure -- Part 1. Before You Start Sampling -- Part 2. Collecting Water Samples.

Part 3. Analyzing Samples -- Part 4. Checking in -- Interpreting Your Data -- Organizing Your Data -- Graphing Your Data -- Interpreting Your Results -- Useful Web Sites: -- PROTOCOL 10. COMPUTER MODELING WITH STELLA -- Objective -- Background -- Materials (per student group) -- Part 1 -- Parts 2 and 3 -- Procedure -- Part 1. Exploring Flow Using a Physical Model -- Part 2. Developing a Simple STELLA Model -- Opening STELLA and Navigating Between Layers -- Using the Construction Layer -- Creating a "Bucket" Stock -- Putting a Leak in the Bucket -- Setting Initial Values -- Defining Leak Rate -- Creating a Graph -- Running the Model -- Refilling the Bucket -- Changing the Scales of the Graph Axes -- Making the Leak Rate Depend on the Bucket -- Running the Model Again -- Part 3. Further Development of the Model -- Creating a Slider for the Flow In Rate -- Using the Slider -- Creating a Slider for the Leak Rate -- Creating a Variable Leak Factor -- Adding a Slider for Leak Factor -- Exploring the Model -- STELLA WORKSHEET -- Part 1 Question -- Part 2 Questions -- Part 3 Questions -- ACTIVITY 10.1-MODELING LAND USE AND STREAMFLOW -- Objective -- Background -- MODELING LAND USE AND STREAMFLOW WORKSHEET -- ACTIVITY 10.2-MODELING THE MANAGEMENT OF A WATERSHED TO LIMIT EUTROPHICATION -- Objective -- Background -- Procedure -- MODELING WATERSHED MANAGEMENT SCENARIO I -- MODELING WATERSHED MANAGEMENT SCENARIO II -- MODELING WATERSHED MANAGEMENT SCENARIO III -- SECTION 3 -- INTERACTIVE RESEARCH: -- FIELD STUDIES AND EXPERIMENTS -- IDEAS FOR WATERSHED DYNAMICS RESEARCH -- WATERSHED SURVEYS -- Land Use -- WHEBIP -- Invasive Species -- STREAM ASSESSMENT WITH AQUATIC MACROINVERTEBRATES -- Comparing Assessment Protocols -- Effects of Land Use by People -- Aquatic Invertebrate Ecology -- FLOW -- Precipitation and Impervious Surfaces -- Snowmelt -- Invertebrates.

Online Flow Data -- STREAM CHEMISTRY -- Point and Non-point Sources -- Nutrient Load -- Dissolved Oxygen -- MODELING -- ONLINE RESOURCES AND LONG-TERM DATA -- FORMS FOR INTERACTIVE RESEARCH -- PLANNING RESEARCH -- CHOOSING A RESEARCH TOPIC -- INTERACTIVE RESEARCH PLANNING FORM 1 -- INTERACTIVE RESEARCH PLANNING FORM 2 -- PRESENTING RESEARCH RESULTS -- RESEARCH REPORT FORM -- POSTER GUIDELINES -- PEER REVIEW FORMS -- EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN PEER REVIEW FORM -- RESEARCH REPORT PEER REVIEW FORM -- POSTER PEER REVIEW FORM -- SECTION 4 -- INTERACTIVE RESEARCH: -- STORMWATER TREATMENT DESIGN CHALLENGE -- STORMWATER TREATMENT DESIGN CHALLENGE -- Materials -- Setting the Scene -- Background -- The Challenge -- Design Criteria and Constraints -- Treatment -- Storm Volume and Rate -- Cost -- Safety -- Maintenance -- Durability -- Restrictions -- The Design Process -- Step 1. Define the Problem -- Step 2. Identify Design Solutions and Select the Best Alternative -- Step 3. Build, Test, and Use the Best Design -- Step 4. Evaluate the Constructed System -- Step 5. Plan Your Presentation -- Step 6. Present Your Work -- FORMS FOR STORMWATER TREATMENT DESIGN CHALLENGE -- STORMWATER TREATMENT DESIGN CHALLENGE -- PRESENTATION ASSESSMENT FORM.