Cover -- Preface -- Contents -- Figures -- Tables -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations and Glossary -- CHAPTER ONE Introduction -- The Basis for Perceptions of America's Diminishing Edge in S&T -- What If the United States Loses Its Edge in S&T? -- The Perception of an S&T Threat Started a Groundswell of Policy Action -- Is the Clarion Call Warranted? -- Purpose of This Report -- Organization of This Report -- CHAPTER TWO What Are the Implications of the Globalization of S&T and the Rise of Other Nations for U.S. Performance in S&T? -- 2.1. What Facts Suggest That Other Nations or Regions Are Developing Significant Strength in S&T While the United States Is Falling Behind? -- Is R&D Rapidly Increasing in Major Nations or Regions Other Than the United States? -- Is S&T Employment Growing More Rapidly in Other Nations or Regions? -- Are Other Nations or Regions Educating Their Populations in S&T More Rapidly Than the United States? -- Is Innovation and Scientific Discovery Increasingly Taking PlaceElsewhere? -- Patents Awarded. -- Scientific Publications. -- Are Other Nations or Regions Becoming More Capable of Acquiring and Implementing New Technology and Information? -- Discussion -- 2.2. Will the Globalization of S&T and the Rise of Other Nations Make It More Difficult for the United States to Be Successful in S&T? -- Are American S&T Jobs Likely to Go Overseas? -- Does the Changing Nature of Innovation Pose a Threat to America's Strong Performance in S&T? -- Technology Absorption: -- Invention and Innovation -- Conclusion -- CHAPTER THREE What Evidence Suggests That the United States Has Been Underinvesting in S&T? -- 3.1. Is the United States Investing Enough in R&D to Return to, or Sustain, Its Leadership Position in S&T? -- Are Total R&D Expenditures Growing More Slowly Than in the Past? -- R&D Expenditures:.

Are R&D Expenditures on Basic Research-Both Federally and Privately Funded-in Decline? -- Has Federally Funded Research in General Decreased? -- Has Funding for Academic Research Slowed? -- Has Federal Funding for Research in the Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Engineering Declined? -- Discussion and Conclusion -- 3.2. Will the U.S. K-12 Education System Be Able to Generate the Talent in Science and Math to Meet the Future Demands of the Global Marketplace? -- How Does U.S. Spending on Education Compare with Other Nations? -- How Are K-12 Students Performing in Science and Math-Both by National Standards and Relative to Other Nations? -- What Is the Past, Present, and Future Education Attainment of the U.S. Population? -- Discussion and Conclusion -- 3.3. Can America Continue to Meet the Demand for Well-Trained, Well-Prepared S&E Workers? -- Have S&E Careers Become Increasingly Unattractive to U.S. Citizens? -- Is There a Shortage of Qualified Scientists and Engineers? -- Is the United States Becoming Increasingly Reliant on Foreign S&E Professionals? -- Are Foreign Scientists and Engineers Working in the United States Increasingly Returning Home? -- Do Foreign Professionals Working in the United States Appear to Be as Productive as Native S&E Professionals? -- Do Foreign Professionals Working in the United States Reduce Wages for S&E Jobs? -- Discussion and Conclusion -- CHAPTER FOUR Discussion and Recommendations -- Infrastructure -- Education -- S&E Workforce -- Recommendations for Policy- and Decisionmakers -- APPENDIX Current Population Survey Data Analysis -- References.