Cover -- Preface -- Contents -- Figures and Table -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- CHAPTER ONE Introduction -- Politics and Religion in Turkey -- Structure of the Report -- CHAPTER TWO The Islamic Landscape in Turkey -- Religion, Ethnicity, and Politics -- The Management of Islam -- Sufi Brotherhoods -- Religious Movements -- Islamic Foundations -- Shi'ites and Alevis -- Turkish Attitudes Toward Religion -- The Violent Fringe -- Turks in Europe -- CHAPTER THREE The Rise of Political Islam in Turkey -- The Impact of the Kemalist Revolution -- The Advent of Multiparty Democracy -- The "Turkish-Islamic Synthesis" -- The Impact of the Özal Reforms -- The Rise of the Religious Right -- Political Islam in Power: The Welfare Interlude -- The Impact of the February 28 Process -- The Ascendency of the AKP -- The July 22, 2007, Election -- CHAPTER FOUR The AKP in Power -- The Reconfiguration of Turkish Politics -- The AKP: A New Synthesis or Islamism in Disguise? -- "Green Money" -- The Headscarf Controversy -- The Imam-Hatip Schools Controversy -- Non-Muslim Minorities Under AKP Rule -- The AKP and the Kurds -- The AKP and the Military -- The AKP's Uncertain Future -- CHAPTER FIVE The AKP's Foreign Policy -- Relations with Europe -- Relations with Greece -- Relations with the United States -- Relations with Russia -- Relations with the Middle East -- CHAPTER SIX Future Prospects and Implications -- Whither Turkey: Alternative Political Futures -- Scenario 1: The AKP Pursues a Moderate, EU-Oriented Path -- Scenario 2: Creeping Islamization -- Scenario 3: Judicial Closing of the AKP -- Scenario 4: Military Intervention -- Implications for U.S. Policy -- Foreign Policy and Bilateral Issues -- The PKK and the Kurdish Issue -- Bibliography.