Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Stalking: a problem behaviour -- Introduction -- Defining stalking -- Stalking as popular, legal and scientific discourses -- The archaeology of stalking -- Conclusions -- 2 Stalking as a social construction and social reality -- Introduction -- The emergence of a social construction of stalking -- Discovery -- Diffusion -- Consolidation -- Reification -- Stalking as an emerging social reality -- The rejected -- The intimacy seeker -- The incompetent suitor -- The resentful -- The predatory -- Conclusions -- 3 The epidemiology of stalking -- Introduction -- Early estimates of the prevalence of stalking -- The prevalence of stalking: results of community studies -- Australia -- United States -- United Kingdom -- Germany -- When does intrusiveness become persistent stalking? The critical two-week threshold -- The impact of the two-week threshold on the severity of stalking -- Prior relationship -- Stalking behaviours -- Lifestyle changes and emotional wellbeing -- Two weeks as the critical window for recognition and intervention -- Conclusions -- 4 The victims of stalkers -- Introduction -- Victim studies -- Selective samples -- Random community samples -- Typology of stalking victims -- Prior intimates -- The impact of stalking on victims -- Conclusions -- 5 Stalking typologies and classifications -- Introduction -- Classifying stalking as a corollary of domestic violence -- Classifying stalkers on the basis of an underlying mental disorder -- Psychotic versus non-psychotic -- Classifying stalkers by nature of prior relationship and/or motivation -- Behaviour-based models -- Law enforcement perspectives -- Classification employed in this book -- Conclusions -- 6 The rejected stalker and the resentful stalker -- Rejected stalkers -- Clinical features.

Psychology and psychopathology -- Relationship to other classifications -- Jealousy -- Resentful and retaliatory stalkers -- Clinical features -- Psychology and psychopathology -- The nature of resentment and retaliation -- 7 The intimacy seeker and the incompetent suitor -- Introduction -- Intimacy seekers -- Clinical features -- Psychology -- Psychopathology -- Incompetent suitors -- Clinical features -- Psychology and psychopathology -- Management -- Intimacy seekers versus incompetent suitors -- 8 The erotomanias and the morbid infatuations -- Introduction -- A history of erotomania -- Pathologies of love -- Pathological beliefs of being loved (erotomania) -- Pathological infatuations (borderline erotomania) -- Primary and symptomatic forms of erotomania -- Symptomatic (secondary) erotomania -- Primary erotomania -- The object of affection -- Prevalence -- Management and prognosis -- 9 The predatory stalker -- Introduction -- Studies of predatory stalkers -- Stalkers and sex offenders -- Stalking in paraphilias -- Telephone scatologia -- Exhibitionism -- Fetishism and voyeurism -- Paedophilia -- Sexual masochism and sadism -- Paraphilic asphyxia (asphyxiophilia) -- The upskirter: problem behaviour mislabelled as stalking -- The non-sexual predatory stalker -- Management of the predatory stalker -- 10 Stalking among juveniles -- Introduction -- Stalking by juveniles -- An empirical study of juvenile stalking -- Stalking as an extension of bullying -- Retaliating stalkers -- Rejected stalkers -- Disorganised and disturbed stalkers -- Predatory stalkers -- Intimacy-seeking stalkers -- Impacts of stalking by juveniles -- Juvenile stalkers: comparisons with their adult counterparts -- Issues in managing juvenile stalkers and victims -- Managing juvenile victims -- Conclusions -- 11 Female stalkers -- Conclusions -- 12 Same-gender stalking.

Introduction -- Media reports of same-gender stalking -- Case reports of same-gender erotomania -- Studies of stalkers and stalking victims -- A comparison study of same- and opposite-gender stalkers -- Victims of same-gender stalking -- Conclusions -- 13 Cyberstalking -- Introduction -- Definition -- Cyberstalking behaviours -- Laws -- Prevalence -- The cyberstalker -- Victims of cyberstalking -- Conclusions -- 14 Stalking by proxy -- Introduction -- Private detectives -- Ordering or cancelling goods and services -- Friends and family -- Health professionals -- The church -- Real-estate agents -- Psychics -- Motor vehicles -- The media -- The internet -- Conclusions -- 15 The law as the stalker's agent -- Introduction -- Stalking by law -- Tracing fugitive victims -- Contributing to the harassment -- Enforcing unwanted contact -- Other ways the law can fail stalking victims -- Law enforcement -- The misuse of stalking charges -- Protection orders -- Complaints tribunals -- Family court -- The stalker in correctional settings -- Minimising legal system abuses -- 16 Stalking in the workplace -- Introduction -- The nature of stalking in the workplace -- Stalking that arises outside the workplace (external) -- Stalking that arises in a work context (internal) -- The impact of stalking in the workplace -- The impact of stalking on the primary victim -- The impact of stalking on the work environment -- The impact of stalking on the business or organisation as a whole -- Management of workplace stalking -- General strategies -- Victim and secondary victims -- Inform others -- Documentation -- Protect personal information -- Security measures -- The stalker -- Employers, managers and supervisors -- Education -- Safety plan -- Security -- Workplace anti-stalking policy and programmes -- Legal remedies -- Against the employer -- Against the stalker.

17 Stalking of health professionals -- Introduction -- Harassment and stalking in healthcare settings -- Studies of the stalking of health professionals -- Case studies -- Convenience samples -- Random samples -- The impact of stalking on healthcare professionals -- Patterns of stalking of health professionals -- Romantic and child-like attachments -- Resentment against the professional -- Management strategies -- Preventive strategies -- The first threat or declaration of love -- The early stages of stalking -- Established stalking -- The risk to subsequent health professionals -- Conclusions -- 18 Stalking celebrities and other public figures -- Introduction -- Public figures and the definition of stalking -- Prevalence -- Public figures and stalking types -- Mental illness and the stalking of public figures -- Public figures and security -- The risks particular to public figures -- Typologies of the stalkers of public figures -- Fixation -- Celebrity stalkers and other stalkers -- The usefulness of the concept of fixation -- Threatening and inappropriate communications and approaches -- Identifying and managing the risks presented by stalkers of public figures -- 19 False victims of stalking -- Introduction -- The Australian study -- Typology of false stalking victims -- Delusional victimisation -- False revictimisation -- Role reversal -- Factitious disorders -- Malingerers -- The UK/Netherlands study -- Assessing the false stalking victim -- Stage of presentation -- Account of stalking -- Evidence -- Behaviour -- Involvement of other therapists -- Motives -- Past history -- Physical examination -- Managing the false stalking victim -- Delusional victimisation -- False revictimisation -- Role reversal -- Factitious disorders -- Malingerers -- Conclusions -- 20 Evaluating and managing risk in the stalking situation -- Introduction.

Risk evaluation: the general background -- Risk assessment and management in the stalking situation -- The risk of continued or recurrent stalking -- The risk of psychological and/or social damage -- Gender -- Prior relationship -- Stalking behaviours -- The risk of assault -- Prior relationship -- Threats -- Mental disorder -- Substance abuse -- Prior offending and antisocial behaviour -- Demographic variables -- Availability of weapons -- The assessment process -- Stage 1: Assigning to high, medium or low risk categories -- Stage 2: Identifying current factors and future hazards which increase risk but are potentially remediable (the stalking risk profile) -- Domain 1: Relationships in stalking -- Domain 2: Motivation of the stalker -- Domain 3: The stalker's psychological, psychopathological and social functioning -- Domain 4: The victim's psychological and social vulnerabilities -- Domain 5: The legal and mental health context -- Integration and formulation -- Conclusions -- 21 The therapeutic approach to the stalker -- Introduction -- The problems of clinical management -- Assessment -- The information base -- The referral -- Confronting the patient -- Facilitating the assessment -- Mental disorders -- Psychological functioning -- Formulation -- Management -- Management of mental disorders -- Management strategies targeted at the stalking behaviours -- Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) -- The typology as a guide to management -- The rejected -- The intimacy seeker -- The incompetent suitor -- The resentful -- The predatory -- Conclusions -- 22 Reducing the impact of stalking on victims -- Introduction -- Preventive approaches -- Recognising the would-be stalker -- Declining and terminating relationships -- Protecting personal information -- Celebrity victims -- Strategies to combat stalking -- Informing others -- Helping agencies.

Avoiding contact and confrontation.