Front cover -- Refrigeration and air-conditioning -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- List of Abbreviations -- Chapter 1 Fundamentals -- 1.1 INTRODUCTION -- 1.2 TEMPERATURE, WORK AND HEAT -- 1.3 HEAT -- 1.4 BOILING POINT -- 1.5 GENERAL GAS LAWS -- 1.6 DALTON'S LAW -- 1.7 HEAT TRANSFER -- 1.8 TRANSIENT HEAT FLOW -- 1.9 TWO-PHASE HEAT TRANSFER -- Chapter 2 The refrigeration cycle -- 2.1 IDEAL CYCLE -- 2.2 SIMPLE VAPOUR COMPRESSION CYCLE -- 2.3 PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND COP -- 2.4 MULTISTAGE CYCLES -- 2.5 NON VAPOUR COMPRESSION CYCLES -- Chapter 3 Refrigerants -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION -- 3.2 IDEAL PROPERTIES FOR A REFRIGERANT -- 3.3 OZONE DEPLETION POTENTIAL -- 3.4 GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL -- 3.5 NOMENCLATURE -- 3.6 REFRIGERANT BLENDS AND GLIDE -- 3.7 REFRIGERANT APPLICATIONS -- 3.8 HEALTH AND SAFETY -- Chapter 4 Compressors -- 4.1 INTRODUCTION -- 4.2 THE PISTON COMPRESSION PROCESS -- 4.3 MULTI-CYLINDER COMPRESSORS -- 4.4 VALVES -- 4.5 CAPACITY REDUCTION -- 4.6 ENCLOSED MOTORS -- 4.7 OPEN COMPRESSORS -- 4.8 COOLING AND PROTECTION -- 4.9 STRAINERS, LUBRICATION AND CRANKCASE HEATERS -- 4.10 COMPRESSOR EFFICIENCY -- 4.11 SCREW COMPRESSORS -- 4.12 SCROLL COMPRESSORS -- 4.13 SLIDING AND ROTARY VANE COMPRESSORS -- 4.14 DYNAMIC COMPRESSORS -- Chapter 5 Oil in refrigerant circuits -- 5.1 INTRODUCTION -- 5.2 REQUIREMENTS AND CHARACTERISTICS -- 5.3 MOISTURE AND AIR CONTAMINATION -- 5.4 OIL SEPARATORS -- 5.5 OIL CIRCULATION -- Chapter 6 Condensers and cooling towers -- 6.1 INTRODUCTION -- 6.2 HEAT TO BE REMOVED -- 6.3 AIR-COOLED CONDENSERS -- 6.4 WATER-COOLED CONDENSERS -- 6.5 COOLING TOWERS -- 6.6 EVAPORATIVE CONDENSERS -- 6.7 WATER TREATMENT -- 6.8 CONDENSER MAINTENANCE -- 6.9 LEGIONELLA -- 6.10 CONDENSER FITTINGS -- 6.11 OTHER FORMS OF CONDENSER -- 6.12 WINTER OPERATION -- 6.13 RECEIVERS -- 6.14 DRY COOLERS -- Chapter 7 Evaporators.

7.1 INTRODUCTION -- 7.2 AIR COOLING EVAPORATORS -- 7.3 LIQUID COOLING EVAPORATORS -- 7.4 PLATE EVAPORATORS FOR FREEZING -- 7.5 DEFROSTING -- 7.6 CONDENSATE PUMPS -- Chapter 8 Expansion valves -- 8.1 INTRODUCTION -- 8.2 THERMOSTATIC EXPANSION VALVES -- 8.3 EXTERNAL EQUALIZER -- 8.4 ELECTRONIC EXPANSION VALVES -- 8.5 CAPILLARY TUBES AND RESTRICTORS -- 8.6 LOW-PRESSURE FLOAT VALVES AND SWITCHES -- 8.7 HIGH-PRESSURE FLOAT VALVES -- 8.8 OTHER LEVEL CONTROLS -- Chapter 9 Controls and other circuit components -- 9.1 INTRODUCTION -- 9.2 THERMOSTATS -- 9.3 HUMIDISTATS -- 9.4 PRESSURE SWITCHES -- 9.5 OIL PRESSURE SWITCHES -- 9.6 PRESSURE GAUGES -- 9.7 SOLENOID VALVES -- 9.8 EVAPORATOR PRESSURE REGULATION VALVES -- 9.9 HOT GAS BY-PASS VALVES -- 9.10 SHUT-OFF VALVES -- 9.11 FILTER-DRIERS -- 9.12 SIGHT GLASSES -- 9.13 SUCTION ACCUMULATORS -- 9.14 SUCTION-TO-LIQUID HEAT EXCHANGERS -- 9.15 CONDENSER PRESSURE REGULATORS -- 9.16 RELIEF VALVES -- 9.17 STRAINERS -- 9.18 CHARGING CONNECTION -- 9.19 CHECK VALVES -- 9.20 LIQUID REFRIGERANT PUMPS -- Chapter 10 Component selection and balancing -- 10.1 INTRODUCTION -- 10.2 CRITERIA AND OPTIONS -- 10.3 EVAPORATING TEMPERATURE -- 10.4 EVAPORATOR -- 10.5 COMPRESSOR -- 10.6 CONDENSER -- 10.7 EXPANSION VALVE -- 10.8 SIZING PIPE AND OTHER COMPONENTS -- 10.9 RE-CHECK COMPONENTS -- Chapter 11 Installation and construction -- 11.1 INTRODUCTION -- 11.2 MATERIALS -- 11.3 PRESSURE SAFETY -- 11.4 LEAK TESTING -- 11.5 PIPE-JOINING METHODS -- 11.6 PIPING FOR OIL RETURN -- 11.7 PIPE SUPPORTS VALVE ACCESS -- 11.8 INSTRUMENTS -- 11.9 RISING LIQUID LINES -- 11.10 VIBRATION -- 11.11 CLEANLINESS OF PIPING -- 11.12 EVACUATION -- 11.13 CHARGING WITH REFRIGERANT -- 11.14 INSULATION -- 11.15 WATER CIRCUITS -- 11.16 NON-CONDENSIBLE GASES -- 11.17 AUTOMATIC GAS PURGERS -- Chapter 12 Distributed cooling, thermal storage -- 12.1 INTRODUCTION.

12.2 CHILLED WATER -- 12.3 BAUDELOT COOLERS AND ICE BANK COILS -- 12.4 ICE MANUFACTURE -- 12.5 SECONDARY COOLANTS -- 12.6 PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS AS SECONDARY COOLANTS -- 12.7 THERMAL STORAGE -- Chapter 13 Packaged units -- 13.1 INTRODUCTION -- 13.2 CONDENSING UNITS -- 13.3 COMPRESSOR PACKS -- 13.4 CHILLERS AND AIR COOLING PACKAGES -- 13.5 SPLIT PACKAGES -- 13.6 TESTING OF PACKAGED UNITS -- 13.7 OTHER PACKAGES -- Chapter 14 Food refrigeration and freezing -- 14.1 INTRODUCTION -- 14.2 PRE-STORAGE TREATMENT -- 14.3 PRE-COOLING -- 14.4 FREEZING -- 14.5 QUICK FREEZING -- 14.6 CONTACT FREEZING -- 14.7 FREEZE-DRYING -- 14.8 POST-STORAGE OPERATIONS -- Chapter 15 Cold storage -- 15.1 INTRODUCTION -- 15.2 RUNNING COSTS FOR COLD STORAGE -- 15.3 PACKING AND HANDLING -- 15.4 FROST AVOIDANCE -- 15.5 INSULATION AND VAPOUR BARRIERS -- 15.6 SECTIONAL COLDROOMS -- 15.7 COLD STORE CONSTRUCTION -- 15.8 FLOORS -- 15.9 FROST-HEAVE -- 15.10 FIRE RISK -- 15.11 DOOR AND SAFETY EXITS -- 15.12 INTERIOR FINISH AND FITTINGS -- 15.13 EVAPORATORS -- 15.14 AUTOMATED COLD STORES -- 15.15 SECURITY OF OPERATION -- Chapter 16 Food refrigeration - product by product -- 16.1 INTRODUCTION -- 16.2 MEAT INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS -- 16.3 BONED, BOXED AND PROCESSED MEATS -- 16.4 PORK AND BACON -- 16.5 POULTRY -- 16.6 FISH -- 16.7 MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS -- 16.8 ICE-CREAM -- 16.9 BEER AND BREWING -- 16.10 WINES AND SPIRITS -- 16.11 SOFT DRINKS -- 16.12 FRUITS -- 16.13 VEGETABLES -- 16.14 BAKERY PRODUCTS -- 16.15 READY MEALS -- 16.16 CHOCOLATE -- Chapter 17 Refrigerated transport, handling and distribution -- 17.1 INTRODUCTION -- 17.2 AIR TRANSPORT -- 17.3 SEA AND INTERMODAL TRANSPORT -- 17.4 ROAD AND RAIL TRANSPORT -- 17.5 LOGISTICS -- 17.6 REFRIGERATED DISPLAY -- 17.7 RETAIL REFRIGERATION -- Chapter 18 Refrigeration load estimation -- 18.1 LOAD SOURCES -- 18.2 PRODUCT COOLING.

18.3 CONDUCTED HEAT -- 18.4 CONVECTED HEAT -- 18.5 INTERNAL HEAT SOURCES -- 18.6 HEAT OF RESPIRATION -- 18.7 ESTIMATE ANALYSIS -- Chapter 19 Industrial uses of refrigeration -- 19.1 INTRODUCTION -- 19.2 CHILLED LIQUIDS FOR COOLING -- 19.3 SOLVENT RECOVERY -- 19.4 LOW-TEMPERATURE LIQUID STORAGE AND TRANSPORT -- 19.5 DE-WAXING OF OILS -- 19.6 ICE AND SNOW SPORTS -- 19.7 COOLING CONCRETE -- 19.8 GROUND FREEZING -- 19 .9 LOW-TEMPERATURE TESTING -- 19.10 CHEMICAL INDUSTRY -- Chapter 20 Air and water vapour mixtures -- 20.1 INTRODUCTION -- 20.2 CALCULATION OF PROPERTIES -- 20.3 MOISTURE CONTENT, PERCENTAGE SATURATION, AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY -- 20.4 DEW POINT -- 20.5 WET BULB TEMPERATURE -- 20.6 THE PSYCHROMETRIC CHART -- 20.7 EFFECTS ON HUMAN COMFORT -- 20.8 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS -- 20.9 OTHER COMFORT FACTORS -- 20.10 FRESH AIR -- Chapter 21 Air treatment fundamentals -- 21.1 HEATING -- 21.2 MIXING OF AIRSTREAMS -- 21.3 SENSIBLE COOLING -- 21.4 WATER SPRAY (ADIABATIC SATURATION) -- 21.5 STEAM INJECTION -- 21.6 AIR WASHER WITH CHILLED WATER -- 21.7 COOLING AND DEHUMIDIFYING COIL -- 21.8 SENSIBLE-LATENT RATIO -- 21.9 MULTISTEP PROCESSES -- 21.10 PROCESS ANALYSIS -- Chapter 22 Practical air treatment cycles -- 22.1 HEATING -- 22.2 ADDITION OF MOISTURE -- 22.3 OUTSIDE AIR PROPORTION -- 22.4 COOLING AND DEHUMIDIFICATION -- 22.5 EVAPORATIVE COOLERS -- 22.6 COOLING TOWERS AND EVAPORATIVE CONDENSERS -- Chapter 23 Air-conditioning load estimation -- 23.1 COMPONENTS OF LOAD -- 23.2 CONDUCTION HEAT GAINS -- 23.3 SOLAR HEAT -- 23.4 FRESH AIR -- 23.5 INTERNAL HEAT SOURCES -- 23.6 ASSESSMENT OF TOTAL LOAD ESTIMATES -- Chapter 24 Air movement -- 24.2 VELOCITY AND TOTAL PRESSURE -- 24.3 MEASURING DEVICES -- 24.4 FANS -- 24.5 FAN LAWS AND FAN CONTROL -- 24.6 FLOW OF AIR IN DUCTS -- 24.7 FLOW OF AIR UNDER KINETIC ENERGY -- 24.8 FLOW OF AIR IN A ROOM -- 24.9 GRILLES.

24.10 RETURN AIR -- 24.11 TEXTILE DUCTING -- 24.12 AIR FILTRATION -- 24.13 CLEANLINESS AND CLEANING OF DUCTING -- Chapter 25 Air-conditioning methods -- 25.1 INTRODUCTION -- 25.2 NUMERICAL EXAMPLES -- 25.3 AIR HANDLING UNITS -- 25.4 FAN COIL UNITS -- 25.5 INTEGRAL UNITS -- 25.6 UNDERFLOOR SYSTEMS -- 25.7 STATIC COOLING DEVICES -- 25.8 PACKAGED UNITS AND SPLIT SYSTEMS -- 25.9 MULTI-SPLITS -- 25.10 VRF SYSTEMS -- 25.11 TWO-PIPE SYSTEMS -- 25.12 TRANSPORT AIR CONDITIONING -- Chapter 26 Dehumidifiers and air drying -- 26.1 PSYCHROMETRICS -- 26.2 COMPRESSED AIR DRYING -- 26.3 APPLICATIONS -- 26.4 HIGH-TEMPERATURE DEHUMIDIFIERS -- Chapter 27 Heat pumps and heat recovery -- 27.1 INTRODUCTION -- 27.2 REVERSIBLE AIR CONDITIONERS -- 27.3 DEDICATED HEAT PUMPS -- 27.4 HEAT RECOVERY -- Chapter 28 Control systems -- 28.1 INTRODUCTION -- 28.2 THE CONTROL LOOP -- 28.3 DETECTORS AND SENSORS -- 28.4 CONTROLLERS -- 28.5 CONTROLLED DEVICES -- 28.6 CONTROLS COMMUNICATIONS -- 28.7 CONTROL SYSTEM PLANNING -- 28.8 COMMISSIONING OF CONTROL SYSTEMS -- Chapter 29 Commissioning and maintenance -- 29.1 INTRODUCTION -- 29.2 SPECIFICATION -- 29.3 COMMISSIONING -- 29.4 PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENTS -- 29.5 PLANNED MAINTENANCE -- 29.6 REPAIRS AND MODIFICATIONS -- 29.7 FAULT-FINDING -- 29.8 RUNNING LOG -- 29.9 MANDATORY INSPECTIONS -- 29.10 TRAINING AND COMPETENCE -- Chapter 30 Efficiency, running cost and carbon footprint -- 30.1 INTRODUCTION -- 30.2 ENERGY EFFICIENCY -- 30.3 RUNNING COST -- 30.4 HEAT PUMP/BOILER COMPARISON -- 30.5 EFFICIENCY STANDARDS, CERTIFICATION AND LABELLING -- 30.6 COMMITMENT TO ENERGY SAVINGS -- Chapter 31 Noise -- 31.1 INTRODUCTION -- 31.2 PUBLISHED INFORMATION -- 31.3 SOME SIMPLE RULES -- 31.4 COMPRESSOR NOISE -- 31.5 FAN NOISE -- 31.6 AIR SYSTEM NOISE -- 31.7 ATTENUATION -- Appendix: Units of measurement -- References -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F.

G.