Cover image -- Title page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the First Edition -- Chapter 1: Fundamentals -- Publisher Summary -- 1.0 Introductory Remarks -- 1.1 Introductory Definitions -- 1.2 The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics -- 1.3 Mathematical Apparatus -- 1.4 Thermodynamic Forces -- 1.5 Elements of Work -- 1.6 The Element of Work for a System Subjected to Electromagnetic Fields -- 1.7 The First Law of Thermodynamics -- 1.8 The First Law of Thermodynamics as a Parable -- 1.9 The Second Law of Thermodynamics -- 1.10 Cyclic Processes in Relation to Reversibility and Irreversibility. Carnot Efficiency -- 1.11 An Entropy Analogy -- 1.12 Constraints, Equilibrium, Functions of State1 -- 1.13 Systematics of Thermodynamic Functions of State -- 1.14 Interrelations Involving Heat Capacities -- 1.15 The Joule-Thomson Experiment -- 1.16 Heat Measurements and Calorimetry -- 1.17 Determination of Enthalpies and Entropies of Materials -- 1.18 The Third Law of Thermodynamics -- 1.19 The Gibbs-Duhem Relation and Its Analogs -- 1.20 Thermodynamics of Open Systems -- 1.21 Effect of Chemical Changes on Composition -- 1.22 Legendre Transforms and Stability of a System -- Chapter 2: Equilibrium in Ideal Systems -- Publisher Summary -- 2.0 Thermodynamics of Ideal Systems with Several Components and Phases -- 2.1 Coexistence of Phases: The Gibbs Phase Rule -- 2.2 Achievement of Equilibrium -- 2.3 System of One Component and Several Phases -- The Clausius-Clapeyron Equation -- 2.4 Properties of Ideal Gases -- 2.5 Properties of Ideal Solutions in Condensed Phases -- 2.6 The Duhem-Margules Equation and its Consequences -- 2.7 Temperature Dependence of Composition of Solutions -- 2.8 Lowering of the Freezing Point and Elevation of the Boiling Point of a Solution.

2.9 Chemical Equilibrium: General Principles and Application to Ideal Gases -- 2.10 Chemical Equilibrium in Homogeneous Condensed Ideal Solutions -- 2.11 Chemical Equilibrium in Ideal Heterogeneous Systems -- 2.12 Equilibrium Between Two Ideal Phases -- 2.13 Chemical Irreversibility in Chemical Reactions -- The Affinity -- Chapter 3: Characterization of Nonideal Solutions -- Publisher Summary -- 3.0 Introductory Remarks -- 3.1 Thermodynamic Treatment of Nonideal Gas Mixtures -- 3.2 Temperature and Pressure Dependence of the Fugacity of a Gas -- 3.3 Thermodynamic Description of Real Solutions in the Condensed State -- 3.4 Characterization of Nonideal Solutions -- Preliminaries -- 3.5 Standardization of Thermodynamic Analysis for Nonideal Solutions -- 3.6 Reformulation of the Thermodynamic Description of Nonideal Solutions -- 3.7 Characterization of Equilibrium in Nonideal Solutions -- 3.8 Variation of Activity, Activity Coefficients with Temperature and Presssure -- 3.9 Calorimetric Functions of State in Chemical Processes -- 3.10 Equilibrium Calculations -- 3.11 Determination of Activity Coefficients by Vapor Pressure Measurements -- 3.12 Oxidation Boundary for Magnetite-Zinc Ferrite Solid Solutions -- 3.13 Activity of Solvent and Solute from Lowering of the Freezing Point of the Solution -- 3.14 Mixing in Nonideal Solutions -- 3.15 Phase Stability: General Consequences of Deviations from Ideality -- 3.16 Discussion of Several Types of Phase Diagrams -- 3.17 Variation of Mutual Solubility with Temperature -- Second Order Transitions -- Chapter 4: Thermodynamic Properties of Electrolytes -- Publisher Summary -- 4.0 Introductory Comments -- 4.1 Activities of Strong Electrolytes -- 4.2 Theoretical Determination of Activities in Electrolyte Solutions -- The Debye-Hückel Equation.

4.3 Experimental Determination of Activities and Activity Coefficients of Strong Electrolytes -- 4.4 Equilibrium Properties of Weak Electrolytes -- 4.5 Galvanic Cells -- 4.6 Operation of Galvanic Cells -- 4.7 Galvanic Cells -- Operational Analysis -- 4.8 Liquid Junction Potentials -- 4.9 EMF Dependence on Activities -- 4.10 Types of Operating Cells -- 4.11 Thermodynamic Information from Galvanic Cell Measurements -- Chapter 5: Thermodynamic Properties of Materials in Externally Applied Fields -- Publisher Summary -- 5.0 Introductory Comments -- 5.1 Thermodynamics of Gravitational Fields -- 5.2 Thermodynamics of Adsorption Processes -- 5.3 Heats of Adsorption -- 5.4 Surface vs. Bulk Effects -- Thermodynamics of Self-Assembly -- 5.5 Pressure of Electromagnetic Radiation -- 5.6 Thermodynamic Characterization of Electromagnetic Radiation -- 5.7 Effects of Electric Fields on Thermodynamic Properties of Matter -- 5.8 Systematization of Electromagnetic Field Effects in Thermodynamics -- 5.9 Adiabatic Demagnetization and Transitions to Superconductivity -- Chapter 6: Irreversible Thermodynamics -- Publisher Summary -- 6.0 Introductory Comments -- 6.1 Generalities -- 6.2 Shock Phenomena -- 6.3 Linear Phenomenological Equations -- 6.4 Steady State Conditions and Prigogine's Theorem -- 6.5 Onsager Reciprocity Conditions -- 6.6 Thermomolecular Mechanical Effects -- 6.7 Electrokinetic Phenomena -- 6.8 The Soret Effect -- 6.9 Thermoelectric Effects -- 6.10 Irreversible Thermomagnetic Phenomena in Two Dimensions -- EXERCISES -- 6.11 Chemical Processes -- 6.12 Coupled Reactions: Special Example -- 6.13 Coupled Reactions, General Case -- Chapter 7: Critical Phenomena -- Publisher Summary -- 7.0 Introductory Remarks -- 7.1 Properties of Materials Near Their Critical Point -- 7.2 Homogeneity Requirements, Correlation Lengths, and Scaling Properties.

7.3 Derivation of Griffith's and Rushbrooke's Inequality -- 7.4 Scaled Equation of State -- 7.5 Landau Theory of Critical Phenomena and Phase Transitions -- Chapter 8: A Final Speculation About Ultimate Temperatures-A Fourth Law of Thermodynamics? -- Publisher Summary -- Chapter 9: Mathematical Proof of the Carathéodory Theorem and Resulting Interpretations -- Derivation of the Debye-Hückel Equation -- Publisher Summary -- 9.1 Fundamentals -- 9.2 Proof of Holonomicity -- 9.3 Necessary Condition for Establishing the Carathéodory Theorem -- 9.4 Relevance to Thermodynamics -- 9.5 Derivation of the Limiting Form for the Debye-Hückel Equation -- Index.