
Ecology and Evolution of Flowers.
Title:
Ecology and Evolution of Flowers.
Author:
Harder, Lawrence D.
ISBN:
9780191513862
Personal Author:
Physical Description:
1 online resource (399 pages)
Series:
Oxford Biology
Contents:
Contents -- List of contributors -- 1 David G. Lloyd and the evolution of floral biology: from natural history to strategic analysis -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Biographical sketch -- 1.3 Self- and cross-fertilization in plants -- 1.3.1 Early investigations on mating systems -- 1.3.2 Integration of pollination and mating -- 1.4 Gender strategies -- 1.4.1 Early investigations of plant sexual diversity -- 1.4.2 Theories on the evolution of sexual systems -- 1.4.3 Gender concepts and theory -- 1.5 Allocation strategies -- 1.5.1 Allocation to competing functions -- 1.5.2 Size-number compromises -- 1.5.3 Application to specific problems -- 1.6 Floral mechanisms -- 1.6.1 Sexual interference -- 1.6.2 The evolution of heterostyly -- 1.7 Lloyd's evolution -- References -- Part 1 Strategic perspectives on floral biology -- 2 Selection on reproductive characters: conceptual foundations and their extension to pollinator interactions -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Phenotypic selection on reproductive strategy -- 2.3 Plant and pollinator interaction -- 2.4 Self-fertilization, phenotypic selection, and reproductive assurance -- 2.5 Discussion -- References -- 3 Evolutionarily stable reproductive investment and sex allocation in plants -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The classic model of sex allocation for outcrossing species -- 3.3 Plant size and sex allocation -- 3.4 Joint evolution of reproductive effort and sex allocation in perennial plants -- 3.5 Discussion and conclusion -- References -- 4 Pollen and ovule fates and reproductive performance by flowering plants -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Pollen fates and ovule fates -- 4.3 Limits on seed production -- 4.4 Examples of the roles of pollen and ovule fates in floral and mating-system evolution -- 4.5 Concluding discussion -- References -- Part 2 Ecological context of floral function and its evolution.
5 Models of pollinator-mediated gene dispersal in plants -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Three iconic patterns of pollinator-mediated gene dispersal -- 5.3 A historical perspective on the theory of pollinator-mediated gene dispersal -- 5.4 Qualitative generalizations from the portion-dilution model -- 5.5 In pursuit of quantitative predictions from the portion-dilution model -- 5.6 Evolutionary biology of the paternity shadow -- 5.7 Prospects for the theory of pollinator-mediated gene dispersal -- References -- 6 Pollinator responses to plant communities and implications for reproductive character evolution -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Properties of plants and communities -- 6.3 Plant-community effects on pollinator responses -- 6.4 Consequences of pollinator responses for selection on plant reproductive traits -- 6.5 Community context and mating-system evolution in Clarkia -- 6.6 Conclusions and future directions -- References -- 7 Non-pollinator agents of selection on floral traits -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Selection on reproductive traits by non-pollinator agents -- 7.3 Relative strengths of pollinator and non-pollinator agents of selection -- 7.4 Synthesis of ecological and genetic observations -- 7.5 Community context of trait evolution -- References -- 8 Flowering phenologies of animal-pollinated plants: reproductive strategies and agents of selection -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Components of flowering phenologies -- 8.3 Flowering phenologies as reproductive strategies -- 8.4 Flowering phenology and selection on plant reproduction: case studies of alpine plants -- 8.5 Concluding remarks for future research -- References -- 9 Flower performance in human-altered habitats -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 General effects of disturbance and their reproductive consequences -- 9.3 Effects of human-caused perturbations on plant attributes.
9.4 Effects of human-caused perturbations on pollinator attributes -- 9.5 Relation of pollination to modified plant attributes -- 9.6 Relation of pollination to modified pollinator attributes -- 9.7 Relation of plant reproduction to modified pollination -- 9.8 Translation into a path-analysis framework: an example -- 9.9 Modulators of plant reproductive response -- 9.10 Anthropogenic disturbance and the structure of pollination interaction networks -- 9.11 Prospects -- References -- Part 3 Mating strategies and sexual systems -- 10 Reproductive assurance and the evolution of uniparental reproduction in flowering plants -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Reproductive assurance and self-fertilization: theoretical context -- 10.3 Reproductive assurance and self-fertilization: empirical approaches -- 10.4 Asexual reproduction: a neglected mechanism of reproductive assurance -- 10.5 More experiments needed -- References -- 11 The evolution of separate sexes: a focus on the ecological context -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 The gynodioecy pathway to dioecy -- 11.3 Importance of ecological context -- 11.4 Spotlight on unresolved issues -- References -- 12 Effects of colonization and metapopulation dynamics on the evolution of plant sexual systems -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Single-event versus recurrent colonization -- 12.3 Effects of single-event colonization on the sexual system -- 12.4 Evolution of sexual systems in a metapopulation -- 12.5 Evolution of dominant versus recessive traits in a metapopulation -- 12.6 Modes of selfing and the evolution of geitonogamy -- 12.7 Conclusions -- References -- 13 Floral design and the evolution of asymmetrical mating systems -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 The evolution and functional basis of floral and sexual-system diversity -- 13.3 Mating in monomorphic populations -- 13.4 Mating in dimorphic populations.
13.5 Mating in trimorphic populations -- 13.6 Discussion -- References -- Part 4 Floral diversification -- 14 Ecological genetics of floral evolution -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Simple polymorphisms: floral colour -- 14.3 Ecological genetics of quantitative traits -- 14.4 Natural selection on floral traits -- 14.5 Independent evolution of correlated traits in radish -- 14.6 Future directions -- References -- 15 Geographical context of floral evolution: towards an improved research programme in floral diversification -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Representation of geographical variation in pollination studies -- 15.3 Outcomes and limitations of geographically informed studies -- 15.4 A case study: clinal variation of Lavandula latifolia flowers and pollinators -- 15.5 Concluding remarks: towards an improved research programme in floral diversification -- References -- 16 Pollinator-driven speciation in plants -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Why flowers evolve -- 16.3 The geographic pollinator mosaic -- 16.4 Pollination ecotypes -- 16.5 The scale of gene flow in plants -- 16.6 Geographic modes of pollinator-driven speciation -- 16.7 Identifying pollinator-driven speciation -- 16.8 Pollinators and reproductive isolation -- 16.9 Reinforcement of isolating barriers -- 16.10 Adaptive radiation -- 16.11 Conclusions -- References -- 17 Floral characters and species diversification -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 How might floral traits affect diversification? -- 17.3 Common tests for key innovations -- 17.4 Methods -- 17.5 Results -- 17.6 Discussion -- References -- 18 Floral biology of hybrid zones -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Genetic architecture of species differences -- what do hybrid flowers look like? -- 18.3 Floral traits and the frequency of mating between species and hybrids -- 18.4 The relative importance of ethological and mechanical isolation.
18.5 Post-mating isolation -- 18.6 Floral traits and the fitness of hybrids -- 18.7 Conclusions and future directions -- References -- Glossary -- A -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z.
Abstract:
The reproductive organs and mating biology of angiosperms (flowering plants) exhibit greater variety than those of any other group of organism, and floral traits provide some of the most compelling examples of evolution by natural selection. Given this diversity, a more strategic approach to their study is required which seeks to unravel general principles concerning the role of ecological function in the evolution of reproductive diversity. Harder & Barrett adopt just such an. approach to expose new insights into the functional basis of floral diversity. Major sections of the book in turn examine functional aspects of floral traits and sexual systems, the ecological influences on reproductive adaptation, and the role of floral biology in angiosperm diversification. Overall,. this integrated treatment illustrates the role of floral function and evolution in the generation of angiosperm biodiversity. - ;The reproductive organs and mating biology of angiosperms exhibit greater variety than those of any other group of organisms. Flowers and inflorescences are also the most diverse structures produced by angiosperms, and floral traits provide some of the most compelling examples of evolution by natural selection. Given that flowering plants include roughly 250,000 species, their reproductive diversity will not be explained easily by continued accumulation of case studies of individual. species. Instead a more strategic approach is now required, which seeks to identify general principles concerning the role of ecological function in the evolution of reproductive diversity. The Ecology and Evolution of Flowers uses this approach to expose new insights into the functional basis of floral diversity, and presents the very latest theoretical and empirical research on floral evolution. Floral biology is a dynamic and growing area and this book, written by
the leading internationally recognized researchers in this field, reviews current progress in understanding the evolution and function of flowers. Chapters contain both new research findings and synthesis. Major. sections in turn examine functional aspects of floral traits and sexual systems, the ecological influences on reproductive adaptation, and the role of floral biology in angiosperm diversification. Overall, this integrated treatment illustrates the role of floral function and evolution in the generation of. angiosperm biodiversity. This advanced textbook is suitable for graduate level students taking courses in plant ecology, evolution, systematics, biodiversity and conservation. It will also be of interest and use to a broader audience of plant scientists seeking an authoritative overview of recent advances in floral biology. - ;"This comprehensive book is dedicated to the late David G. Lloyd, whose conceptual synthesis laid the foundation for modern plant reproductive biology. The chapters draw from an international slate of experts and, like Lloyd's work itself, integrate mathematical theory and empiricism. This book provides a state-of-the-art view of reproductive biology today." Bioscience, October 2007 -.
Local Note:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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