Cover Page -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Preface: Thoughts of a Critical European -- 1 Introductory Overview: The 'Democratic Deficit' and the Normative Turn in European Union Studies -- 2 Bringing Functionalism Back In: Critical Deliberativism, Liberal Democracy and the Democratic Deficit -- 3 Reconfiguring Sovereignty: Subsidiarity and Flexibility -- 4 Institutional Reform: The Paradoxical Case of the European Parliament -- 5 Increasing EU Scope and Powers: The Cases of Environment and Regional Policies -- 6 Demos Construction: The Arrested Development of European Citizenship -- 7 Conclusions: Towards Substantive Democracy in the European Union -- Bibliography -- Index.