Front Cover -- Comprehensive Handbook of Iodine: Nutritional, Biochemical, Pathological and Therapeutic Aspects -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Contributors -- Section 1: Analytical Techniques -- Chapter 1. Determination of Iodine in Seawater: Methods and Applications -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Capillary Electrophoresis -- Chromatography -- Other Methods -- Summary Points -- References -- Chapter 2. Assay of Iodine in Foodstuffs: Methods and Applications -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Obtaining Iodine Intake Data -- Analytical Methods for Iodine Determination in Foodstuffs and Related Materials -- Choice of an Analytical Method Versus the Iodine Level in Foodstuffs and Diets -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3. Determination of Iodine In Vivo and In Vitro by X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis: Methodology and Applications -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis -- Preservation of In Vitro Samples -- Choice of Analyzed Volume -- Positioning -- Calibration -- Radiation Dose -- Summary Points -- References -- Chapter 4. Plasma Analytes for Determination of Thyroid Status -- Abstract -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Thyroid Hormone Secretion -- Measurement of Thyroid Hormones -- Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone -- Investigation of Cause and Monitoring of Treatment -- Tests Reflecting the Actions of Thyroid Hormones on Body Tissues -- Tests not Used as Part of Routine Clinical Practice -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 5. Interpretation of Thyroid Function Tests and Their Relationship to Iodine Nutrition: Changes in TSH, Free T4 and Free T3 Resulting from Iodine Deficiency and Iodine Excess -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- General Interpretation of Thyroid Function Tests -- Thyroid Function Tests in Iodine Deficiency.

Thyroid Function Tests in Iodine Excess -- Effect of Iron Deficiency on Iodine and Thyroid Function -- Summary Points -- References -- Chapter 6. Thyroglobulin as an Indicator of Iodine Intake -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Thyroglobulin: The Major Iodoglycoprotein of the Thyroid Gland -- Determination of Circulating Thyroglobulin -- Thyroglobulin and Iodine Intake -- Our Population Studies Concerning Iodine Intake and Serum Tg Concentrations -- Summary Points -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 7. Computer Systems for Monitoring Effects of Iodine/Thyroid Status in Populations -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- TSH Screening in Neonates -- Hospital Records -- Example of Record Linkage -- Example of a Specific Register Database -- Summary Points -- References -- Section 2: General Aspects of Iodine Sources and Intakes in the Diet, Main Routes of Iodine Metabolism and Metabolic Roles -- Section (2.1) Iodine Cycle and Chemistry -- Chapter 8. Iodine in the Air: Origin, Transformation and Exchange to Mammals -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Sources and Measurements of Atmospheric Iodine -- Photolysis and Gas-Phase Iodine Chemistry -- Aerosol Chemistry and Particle Formation -- Health and Environment Impacts -- Radioactive Iodine: Atmospheric Sources and Consequences -- Summary Points -- References -- Chapter 9. Iodine and Iodine Species in Seawater: Speciation, Distribution and Dynamics -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Distribution of Iodine Species in Seawater -- Factors Controlling Speciation and Distribution in Seawater -- Summary Points -- References -- Chapter 10. Geochemical Cycling of Iodine Species in Soils -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Summary Points -- Acknowledgments -- References.

Chapter 11. Transfers of Iodine in the Soil-Plant-Air System: Solid-Liquid Partitioning, Migration, Plant Uptake and Volatilization -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Iodine in Soils -- Behavior of Iodine in the Soil-Plant-Air System -- Summary Points -- References -- Chapter 12. Iodine in the Ecosystem: An Overview -- Abstract -- The Customization of Life Histories -- Iodine and Life in the Ocean -- Iodine and Thyroid Function -- Decoupling: Iodine in the Modern Era -- Iodine: Its Implications for Disease and Therapy -- Summary Points -- References -- Chapter 13. The Nature of Iodine in Drinking Water -- Abstract -- Abbreviation -- Introduction -- Early Investigations of Iodine in Drinking Water -- Humic Substances in Marine Sediments and Groundwater -- Aspects of Iodine Chemistry -- Iodine in Marine Sediments and Water -- Geological Influences on Aquifers -- Geology: The Danish Example -- Iodine in Drinking Water: The Danish Example -- Iodine in Humic Substances -- Iodine and Processing of Drinking Water -- Bioavailability of Iodine in Humic Substances in Drinking Water -- Goiter and Iodine in Humic Substances in Drinking Water -- Conclusions and Perspectives -- Summary Points -- References -- Chapter 14. Application of Iodine Water Purification Tablets: Iodine's Efficacy against Cryptosporidium parvum -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- Summary Points -- References -- Chapter 15. Iodine Speciation in Foodstuffs, Tissues and Environmental Samples: Iodine Species and Analytical Method -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Speciation of Iodine in Water -- Chemical Speciation of Iodine in Air -- Chemical Speciation of Iodine in Tissues and Biological Samples -- Chemical Speciation of Iodine in Foodstuffs and Environmental Samples -- Bioavailability and Toxicity of Iodine Species -- Summary Points -- References.

Chapter 16. Iodine in Farm Animals -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Iodine Deficiency due to Low Iodine Intake and Iodine Antagonists -- Requirements/recommendations for iodine supplementation -- Response criteria and dose-response studies of iodine requirement in farm animals -- The Effect of Iodine Intake on the Iodine Content of Eggs, Meat and Milk -- Effects of Excessively High Dietary Iodine Intake on Farm Animals and Poultry -- Summary Points -- References -- Chapter 17. Radiochemistry of Iodine: Relevance to Health and Disease -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Chemistry of Iodine: Relevance to Radiochemical Studies and Nuclear Properties of Iodine Isotopes -- Production of Iodine Isotopes -- Radiochemical Analysis of Iodine -- Neutron Activation Analysis -- Protection from Radioiodine Exposure under Nuclear Accident Conditions -- Summary Points -- References -- Section (2.2) Physiology, Metabolism and Biochemistry -- Chapter 18. Retention of Iodine in the Body: Biological Half-Life of Iodine in the Human Body -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Measuring the Biological Half-Life -- Summary Points -- References -- Chapter 19. Mathematical Models of Human Iodine Metabolism, Including Assessment of Human Total Body Iodine Content -- Abbreviations -- The Riggs Model -- Models of Iodine within the Thyroid Gland -- Models of Peripheral Thyroid Hormone Distribution: Volume of Distribution -- Models of Thyroid Hormone Distribution that include Rates of Peripheral Tissue Metabolism -- Iodide Kinetics -- Usefulness of these Models -- Application of the Modeling Approach: Determination of Human Total Body Iodine -- References -- Chapter 20. Iodine Transfer Through Mother's Milk: The Influence of Bromide -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Bromine (Bromide) Essentiality vs. Toxicity.

Influence of a High Bromide Intake in Lactating Rat Dams on Iodine and Bromide Transfer to the Suckling Through Mother's Milk -- Effects of a High Bromide Intake in Lactating Rat Dams on Their Own Iodine Metabolism -- Impact of a High Bromide Intake in Lactating Rat Dams on Their Performance During the Lactation Period -- Impact of a High Bromide Intake in Lactating Rat Dams on the Well-being of Their Suckling -- Summary Points -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 21. Cellular Iodine Transport: Body Distribution of the Human Sodium Iodide Symporter -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Methods to Detect NIS Expression -- The Sodium Iodide Symporter -- Thyroid Gland -- Mammary Gland -- Placenta -- NIS Expression in the Stomach and Kidney -- Salivary and Lacrimal Glands -- Other Tissues -- Conclusion -- Summary Points -- References -- Chapter 22. Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS) in Gastric Mucosa: Gastric Iodide Secretion -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- NIS Background -- Gastric NIS Detection and Distribution -- Gastric NIS during Development -- Gastric Iodide Transport Mediated by NIS -- Regulation of Gastric NIS -- Functional Role of Gastric NIS -- Gastric Cancer and NIS -- Summary Points -- References -- Chapter 23. Regulation and Enhancement of Endogenous Sodium Iodide Symporter Expression: NIS Regulatory Pathways in Thyroid and Breast Cancer -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- Structure of the Human and Rat NIS Gene -- Characterization of the NIS Upstream Enhancer -- Transcriptional Regulation of NIS in Thyroid Cancer -- NIS Gene Regulation in Breast Cancer -- Enhancement of the NIS Expression in Tissue Culture Cells -- TSH Receptor Stimulation in Thyroid Cells -- Effects of Redifferentiation Agents on Thyroid NIS -- NIS Expression in Lactating Mammary Glands -- Enhancement of NIS Expression in Breast Cancer Cells.

NIS Expression in Placenta-Derived Cells.