Cover -- Preface -- Contents -- Chapter 1 Classification and Selection of Materials -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Engineering Requirements -- 3. Classification of Engineering Materials -- 4. Organic, Inorganic and Biological Materials -- 5. Semiconductors -- 6. Biomaterials -- 7.(a) Current Trends and Advances in Materials -- 7 (b) Advanced Materials -- 7 (c) Smart Materials (Materials of the Future) -- 7 (d) Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology -- 7 (e) Quantum Dots (QDS) -- 7 (f) Spintronics -- 7 (g) Fermionic Condensate Matter -- 8. Level of Material Structure Examination and Observation -- 9. Material Structure -- 10. Engineering Metallurgy -- 11. Selection of Materials -- Suggested Readings -- Review Questions -- Problems -- Short Question-Answers -- Objective Questions -- Chapter 2 Atomic Structure and Electronic Configuration -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Electron -- 3. Protons -- 4. Neutrons -- 5. Atomic Number (z) -- 6. Atomic Weight and Mass Number -- 7. Isotopes -- 8. Isobars -- 9. Isotones -- 10. Avogadro's Number (N) -- 11. Atomic Nucleus -- 12. Atomic Models -- 13. Vector Atom Model -- 14. Quantum Numbers -- 15. Pauli Exclusion Principle and Electronic Configuration of Atoms -- 16. Wave Mechanical Picture of the Atom -- 17. Periodic Table -- Suggested Readings -- Review Questions -- Problems -- Short Questions -- Objective Questions -- Short Question-Answers -- Chapter 3 Crystal Geometry, Structure and Defects -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Crystals -- 3. Single Crystal -- 4. Whiskers -- 5. Lattice Points and Space Lattice -- 5.(A) Basis -- 6. Unit Cell -- 7. Primitive Cell -- 8. Crystal Classes -- 9. Crystal Systems -- 10. Crystal Structure for Metallic Elements -- 11. Atomic Radius -- 12. Density of Crystal -- 13. Directions, Lattice Planes and Miller Indices -- 14. Interplanar Spacings -- 14 (A) Angle Between Two Planes or Directions.

15. Representation of Crystal Planes in a Cubic Unit Cell -- 16. Sketching The Plane From the Given Miller Indices -- 17. Common Planes in a Simple Cubic Structure -- 18. Co-ordination Number -- 19. Defects or Imperfections in Crystals -- 20. Point Imperfections -- 21. Line Defects of Dislocations -- 22. Surface and Grain Boundary Defects -- 23. Volume Imperfections -- 24. Liquid Crystals -- 25. Anisotropy -- 26. Frank-Read Source -- 27. Theory of Dislocations Salient Features -- 28. Determination of Crystal Structure by X-Ray Diffraction -- 29. Bragg's X-Ray Spectrometer -- 30. Reciprocal Lattice -- 31. Methods of Determining Crystal Structure -- 32. Electron and Neutron Diffraction -- 33. Crystal Growth -- Suggested Readings -- Review Questions -- Problems -- Objective Questions -- Short Questions Answers -- Chapter 4 Bonds in Solids -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Types of Bonds -- 3. Forces Between Atoms: Mechanism of Bond Formation and Bond Energy -- 4. Ionic Bonding -- 5. Covalent Bond -- 6. Metallic Bond -- 7. Comparison of Ionic, Covalent and Metallic Bonds -- 8. Secondary Bonds -- 9. Mixed Bonds (More About Secondary Bonds) -- 10. Properties of Solid Materials -- 11. Periodic Table and Chemical Bonding: Electronegativity -- Suggested Readings -- Review Questions -- Problems -- Objective Questions -- Short Question Answers -- Chapter 5 Electron Theory of Metals -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Metallic Bonding -- 3. Drude-Lorentz Theory -- 4. Sommerfeld Free-Electron Theory -- 5. Fermi-Dirac Distribution Function (Electron Energies in a Metal) -- 6. Band Theory of Solids -- 7. Brillouin Zones -- 8. Distinction Between Conductors, Insulators and Semiconductors -- 9. Electrical Resistance of Materials -- 10. Energy Bands -- 11. Equation of Motion of and Electron -- 12. Resistivity and Conductivity -- 13. Current Density in Metal -- 14. Mobility.

15. Mean Free Path -- 16. Thermoelectricity -- 17. Origin of the Thermoelectric Effect -- 18. Magnitude and Direction of Thermo E.M.F. -- 19. Uses of Thermocouples -- Suggested Readings -- Review Questions -- Problems -- Objective Questions -- Short Question Answers -- Chapter 6 Photoelectric Effect -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental Arrangement to Study the Photo Electric Effect -- 3. Failure of Classical Theory -- 4. Einstein's Photoelectric Equation -- 5. Millikan's Verification of Einstein's Equation -- 6. Photoelectric Cells -- 7. Uses of Photoelectric Cells -- Suggested Readings -- Review Questions -- Problems -- Objective Questions -- Short Question-Answers -- Chapter 7 Diffusion in Solids -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Types of Diffusion -- 3. Diffusion Mechanisms -- 4. Diffusion Coefficient: Fick's Laws of Diffusion -- 5. Dependence of Diffusion Coefficient on Temperature -- 6. Factors Affecting Deffusion Coefficient (D) -- 7. Self Diffusion -- 8. Inter-Diffusion -- 9. Experimental Determination of D Using a Diffusion Couple -- 10. Diffusion with constant Concentration (Case Hardening) -- 11. The Kirkendall Effect -- 12. Diffusion in Oxides and Ionic Crystals -- 13. Surface Diffusion -- 14. Activation Energy of Diffusion -- 15. Applications of Diffusion -- Suggested Readings -- Review Questions -- Problems -- Objective Questions -- Short Question-Answers -- Chapter 8 Mechanical Properties of Materials and Mechanical Tests -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Common Terms -- 3. Atomic Model of Elastic Behaviour -- 4. Modulus(Y) as a Parameter of Design -- 5. Fundamental Mechanical Properties -- Stress-Rupture Test -- 6. Factors Affecting Mechanical Properties -- 7. Mechanical Tests -- 8. Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) -- 9. Fracture -- Suggested Readings -- Review Questions -- Problems -- Objective Questions -- Short Question-Answers.

Chapter 9 Alloy Systems, Phase Diagrams and Phase Transformations -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Alloy Systems -- 3. Solid Solutions -- 4. The Families of Engineering Alloys -- 5. Hume-Rothery's Rules -- 6. Intermediate Phases or Intermediate Compounds (or Intermediate Solid Solutions) -- 7. Phase Diagrams -- 8. The Phase rule of Gibb's Phase rule or Condensed Phase Rule -- 9. Cooling Curves (Time-Temperature Curves) -- 10. Construction of a Phase Diagram or Constitutional Diagram -- 11. The Lever Rule -- 12. Equilibrium Diagrams for Binary Alloys Forming Eutectic -- 13. Ceramic and Ternary Phase Diagrams -- 14. Applications of Phase Diagrams -- 15. Coring -- 16. Phase Transformations -- 17. The Kinetics of Solid State Reactions -- 18. Multiphase Transformations -- 19. Applications of Phase Transformations -- 20. Micro-Constituents of Fe-C System -- 21. Allotropic Forms of Iron -- 21. Iron-Carbon System -- 22. Iron-Carbon Equilibrium or Phase Diagram -- 23. Modified Iron-Carbon Phase Diagram -- 24. Formation and Decomposition of Austenite -- 25. Types and Properties of Carbon-Steels -- 26. Isothermal Transformations TTT Diagram -- 27. Transformation of Austenite Upon Continuous Cooling -- 28. Transformation of Austenite to Martensite -- 29. Metals for Nuclear Energy -- Suggested Readings -- Review Questions -- Problems -- Short Question Answers -- Objective Questions -- Chapter 10 Heat Treatment -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Heat-Treatment Processes -- 3. Annealing -- 4. Annealing Operations -- 5. Mass Effect -- 6. Principal Equipment for Heat Treatment -- 7. Major Defects in Metals or Alloys Due to Faulty Heat Treatment -- 8. Surface Finish After Heat Treatment -- 9. Measurement of High Temperatures and Pyrometers -- Suggested Readings -- Review Questions -- Problems -- Short Question-Answers -- Objective Questions -- Chapter 11 Deformation of Materials.

1. Introduction -- 2. Elastic Deformation -- 3. Plastic Deformation -- 4. Deformation by Twinning -- 5. Comparison Between Slip and Twinning -- 6. Plastic Deformation of Polycrystalline Materials -- 7. Work Hardening or Strain Hardening -- 8. Season Cracking -- 9. Bauschinger Effect -- 10. Anelasticity -- 11. Adiabatic and Isothermal Straining -- 12. Yield Point Phenomenon and Related Effects -- 13. Atomic Diffusion-An Elastic After Effect -- 14. Preferred Orientation -- 15. Recovery, Recrystailization and Grain Growth -- 16. Hot-Working -- Suggested Readings -- Review Questions -- Problems -- Objective Questions -- Short Question Answers -- Chapter 12. Oxidation and Corrosion -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Corrosion-Resistant Materials -- 3. Electrochemical Corrosion -- 4. Galvanic (Two-Metal) Corrosion -- 5. Corrosion Rates -- 6. High Temperature Oxidation or Dry Corrosion -- 7. Passivity -- 8. Environmental Effects -- 9. Specific Forms of Corrosion -- 10. Corrosion Prevention and Control -- 11. Corrosion Monitoring and Management -- Suggested Readings -- Review Questions -- Problems -- Short Question-Answers -- Objective Questions -- Chapter 13 Thermal and Optical Properties of Materials -- Section A: Thermal Properties -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Heat Capacity -- 3. Theoretical Models -- 4. Thermal Expansion -- 5. Thermal Conductivity (K) -- 6. Refractories -- 7. Thermal Stresses -- 8. Thermal Fatigue -- 9. Thermal Shock -- 10. Melting Point (M.P.) -- Section B: Optical Properties -- 1. Optical Properties -- 2. Interactions of Light with Solids -- 3. Atomic and Electronic Interactions -- 4. Optical Properties of Metals -- 5. Optical Properties of Non Metals -- 6. Applications of Optical Phenomena -- Suggested Readings -- Review Questions -- Problems -- Objective Questions -- Short Question-Answers.

Chapter 14 Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Materials.