Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Part One Overview -- 1 The Justiciability of Social Rights: From Practice to Theory -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THE EVOLUTION OF THE SOCIAL RIGHTS ADJUDICATION -- 3. ASSESSING THE JURISPRUDENCE -- 3.1 Obligations to Respect -- 3.2 Obligation to Protect and Horizontal Obligations of Private Actors -- Obligation to Protect -- Horizontal Application -- 3.3 Obligations to Fulfil -- 3.4 Equality Rights -- 3.5 Conflicts Between Rights -- 4. THE JUSTICIABILITY DEBATE REVISITED -- 4.1 Legal Nature of Social Rights -- 4.2 Legitimacy -- 4.3 Capacity -- 5. IMPACT OF SOCIAL RIGHTS JURISPRUDENCE AND THE ROLE OF LITIGATION -- 5.1 Criteria -- 5.2 What is the Alternative? -- 5.3 What was the Actual Cause of the Failure or Success? -- 6. CONCLUSIONS -- 2 The Challenges of Crafting Remedies for Violations of Socio-economic Rights -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. RECEIVED REMEDIAL DICHOTOMIES -- 2.1 Corrective Justice versus Distributive Justice -- 2.2. Individual versus Systemic Relief -- 2.3 Immediate versus Delayed Remedies -- 2.4 Common Law versus Equity -- 2.5 Monologue versus Dialogue -- 2.6 Domestic Law versus International Law -- 3. CHALLENGING THE REMEDIAL DICHOTOMIES -- 3.1 The Distributive Implications of Civil and Political Rights -- 3.2 Systemic Claims Raised by Individuals -- 3.3 The Management of Delay -- 3.4 The Rise of Equity -- 3.5 The Dialogic Turn in Domestic Constitutional Law -- 3.6 The Interdependence of Domestic and International Law -- 4. REMEDIES FOR VIOLATIONS OF ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS -- 4.1 Declarations and Recommendations -- 4.2 Injunctions and Retention of Supervisory Jurisdiction -- 4.3 Revisions of Laws and Suspended or Delayed Declarations of Invalidity -- 4.4 Interim Remedies -- 4.5 Compensation and Restitution -- 4.6 Two-Track Remedial Strategies.

5. CONCLUSION -- 3 The Right to Legal Aid in Social Rights Litigation -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THE RIGHT 'CONSERVATIVE OF ALL OTHER RIGHTS' -- 3. RETHINKING ACCESS TO JUSTICE IN CONTEMPORARY DEMOCRACY -- 3.1 Extending the Right to a Fair Hearing: Addressing the Point of Access -- 3.2 Deprivation of Liberty and Livelihood: Two Sides of the Same Coin -- 'The Poor Man Charged with Crime' -- A Parallel Right 'to Combat Social Exclusion' -- 4. DOING JUSTICE TO THE MOST 'BASIC HUMAN RIGHT': GUARANTEEING THE ENJOYMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC RIGHTS -- Part Two Select National Jurisdictions -- 4 South Africa -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. INCLUDING SOCIO-ECONOMIC RIGHTS AS JUSTICIABLE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS -- 3. SOCIO-ECONOMIC RIGHTS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE BILL OF RIGHTS -- 3.1 The Relevant Provisions -- 3.2 Horizontal Application -- 3.3 Legal Standing and Access to Legal Services -- 3.4 Introducing the Leading Socio-Economic Rights Cases -- 4. ENFORCING THE POSITIVE DUTIES IMPOSED BY SOCIO-ECONOMIC RIGHTS -- 4.1 The Model of Reasonableness Review -- 4.2 Interpreting Children's Socio-Economic Rights -- 4.3 The Intersection between Equality Rights and Socio-Economic Rights -- 4.4 Evaluating 'Reasonable Review' -- 5. ENFORCING THE NEGATIVE DUTIES IMPOSED BY SOCIO-ECONOMIC RIGHTS -- 6. DEFENDING PROGRAMMES GIVING EFFECT TO SOCIO-ECONOMIC RIGHTS -- 7. OTHER RIGHTS -- 8. REMEDIES AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE JUDGMENTS -- 9. CONCLUSION -- 5 India -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC RIGHTS WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF THE CONSTITUTION -- 2.1 Coverage of Disadvantaged Groups and Non-Nationals -- 2.2 Horizontal Application -- 2.3 International Law and the Constitution -- 2.4 Legal Standing and Access to Legal Services -- 2.5 Substantive Due Process -- 2.6 Right to Legal Aid -- 2.7 Judicial Activism and Public Interest Litigation -- 3. NATURE OF ORDERS AND TECHNIQUES OF ENFORCEMENT.

4. ANALYSIS OF SPECIFIC RIGHTS -- 4.1 Right to Work -- 4.2 Right to Shelter -- Forced Evictions: A Case Study in Mumbai -- 4.3 Right to Health -- 4.4 Right to Education -- 4.5 Right to Food -- 5. IMPACT OF JUDICIAL INTERVENTION -- 5.1 Court as Arbiter of the Conflict of Public Interests -- 5.2 Legitimacy and Competence -- 5.3 Environment v. Livelihood: An Avoidable Problem -- 5.4 Mass Disasters, Mass Torts -- The Bhopal Gas Leak Disaster: Case Study -- 6. ASSESSMENT OF INDIAN EXPERIENCE -- Appendix I -- 6 South Asia -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. NATURE OF CONSTITUTIONAL AND JUDICIAL PROTECTION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RIGHTS IN EACH COUNTRY -- 2.1 Bangladesh -- 2.2 Nepal -- 2.3 Pakistan -- 2.4 Sri Lanka -- 3. GENDER ISSUES -- 4. SUBSTANTIVE RIGHTS -- 4.1 Health and Environment - Expansive Definitions of the Right to Life -- Environment -- Health -- 4.2 Livelihood and Forced or Bonded Labour/Workers' Rights -- 4.3 Livelihood/Forced Eviction/Housing -- 4.4 Property and Land -- 4.5 Education -- 5. CONCLUSION -- 7 Colombia -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. OVERVIEW OF RELEVANT PROVISIONS IN THE 1991 CONSTITUTION -- 2.1 ESC Rights in the Constitution -- 2.2 The Writ of Protection -- 3. THE ROLE AND INTERPRETIVE FRAMEWORK OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT -- 3.1 Broad Interpretation of 'Fundamental Rights' -- 3.2 The Concept of the Minimum Conditions for a Dignified Life -- 3.3 The Concept of the 'Unconstitutional State of Affairs' -- 4. SELECTED ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS -- 4.1 The Right to Work -- 4.2 The Right to Social Security -- 4.3 The Right to Adequate Housing -- 4.4 The Right to Health -- 4.5 The Right to Education -- 5. THE ESC RIGHTS OF VULNERABLE GROUPS -- 5.1 Persons with Disabilities -- 5.2 Pregnant Women and Newborns -- 5.3 Persons with HIV/AIDS -- 5.4 Indigenous Peoples -- 5.5 Prisoners and Detained Persons -- 5.6 Internally Displaced Persons.

6. OBSTACLES AND CRITICISM OF THE COURT -- 7. CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS -- 8 Argentina -- INTRODUCTION -- 1. INTRODUCTION: JUDICIAL REVIEW IN ARGENTINA -- 2. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC RIGHTS WITHIN THE CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL SYSTEM -- 3. LEGAL THEORY AND PRACTICE -- 4. JUDICIAL ENFORCEMENT OF SPECIFIC RIGHTS -- 4.1 Labour Rights -- 4.2 Social Security Rights -- 4.3 Health Rights -- 4.4 Housing Rights -- 4.5 Educational Rights -- 4.6 The Right to Food -- 4.7 The Right to Water -- 4.8 Indigenous Peoples' Rights -- 5. REMEDIES -- 6. CLOSING REMARKS -- 9 Brazil -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SOCIAL RIGHTS IN THE 1988 CONSTITUTION -- 2.1 Social Rights Protections -- 2.2 Judicial Enforceability -- 3. RIGHT TO HEALTH CARE -- 3.1 Access to Medicine and Medical Treatment -- 3.2 Differential Treatment -- 3.3 The Scope of Health Insurance Contracts and Liability for Health Damage -- 3.4 Right to Information and Right to Health -- 4. RIGHT TO EDUCATION -- 4.1 Pre-School Education and Childcare -- 4.2 Higher Education: Registration and Fees -- 5. CONCLUSION: IMPACT, CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES -- 10 Venezuela -- 1. INTRODUCTION: PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRACY AND A SOCIAL-ORIENTED ECONOMY -- 2. ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS IN THE CONSTITUTION -- 3. JURISPRUDENCE: GENERAL REVIEW -- 3.1 The Judiciary -- 3.2 Jurisprudence Under the 1961 Constitution -- 3.3 Jurisprudence Under the 1999 Constitution -- 3.4 Types of Actions -- 3.5 Collective and Diffuse Interests -- 3.6 Contesting the Supremacy of International Law -- 3.7 Contents of Rights versus Public Policy -- 3.8 Gender Perspective -- 4. ANALYSIS OF SELECTED RIGHTS -- 4.1 Labour Rights -- 4.2 Trade Union Rights and Freedoms -- 4.3 Social Security Rights -- 4.4 Health Rights -- 4.5 Affordability of Housing Costs -- 4.6 Agrarian Rights and the Right to Property -- 4.7 Indigenous Peoples' Rights.

5. CONCLUSION: FIRST STEPS IN A DISTINCT PATH TOWARDS SOCIAL JUSTICE -- 11 Canada -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THE CANADIAN CHARTER AS A SOURCE OF PROTECTION FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC RIGHTS -- 2.1 Historical Context and Legislative History of the Charter -- 2.2 Socio-Economic Rights in Sections 7 and 15 of the Charter -- 2.3 The Horizontal Application of the Charter -- 3. INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW AS A SOURCE OF PROTECTION FOR DOMESTIC SOCIO-ECONOMIC RIGHTS -- 3.1 The 'Interpretive Presumption' -- 3.2 Review of Discretionary Decision-Making for Consistency with Socio-Economic Rights -- 3.3 CESCR Jurisprudence Relating to the Charter -- 4. STANDING AND ACCESS TO LEGAL SERVICES -- 4.1 Standing to Pursue Charter Claims -- 4.2 Funding for Socio-Economic Rights Litigation -- 5. JUSTIFIABLE LIMITS AND THE BALANCING OF RIGHTS -- 5.1 Justifiable Limits on Socio-economic Rights -- 5.2 Section 1 as a Guarantee of Socio-economic Rights -- 6. POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE DUTIES IN RELATION TO SOCIO-ECONOMIC RIGHTS -- 7. PRINCIPLE AREAS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC RIGHTS LITIGATION -- 7.1 Housing Rights -- 7.2 Health Rights -- 7.3 Right to an Adequate Standard of Living and Social Security -- 7.4 Right to Work -- 7.5 Right to Education -- 8. REMEDIES -- 9. CONCLUSION -- 12 The United States -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. HISTORY OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RIGHTS IN THE UNITED STATES -- 3. FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK -- 3.1 U.S. Supreme Court Case Law Affecting Economic and Social Rights -- 4. DIRECT PROTECTION THROUGH STATE CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS -- 4.1. The Right to Education -- 4.2 The Right to Housing and Welfare Assistance -- 4.3 The Right to Health Care -- 5. CHILDREN AND ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RIGHTS -- 6. CONCLUSION: COMPARATIVE AND HUMAN RIGHTS LAW STRATEGIES -- 13 Hungary -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THE CONSTITUTIONAL PROTECTION OF SOCIAL RIGHTS.

3. THE APPROACH OF THE HUNGARIAN CONSTITUTIONAL COURT.