Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Legal systems a world view -- Civil and criminal law -- Sources of law -- Parliament -- European Union (EU) -- Case law and the courts -- Criminal law and procedure -- Investigation of crime -- Arrest -- Decision to prosecute -- Adversarial trial process -- Offence categories and mode of trial -- Criminal procedure reforms -- Juries -- Magistrates' court trial -- Crown Court trial -- Sentencing -- Civil procedure -- Case preparation and the law -- The law of evidence -- Witness evidence -- Testimony in court -- Notes and memory refreshment -- Vulnerable witnesses -- Burden and standard of proof -- Presumptions, admissions, notice and corroboration -- Hearsay evidence -- Confessions -- Character evidence and past convictions -- The right of silence -- Opinion and expert evidence -- Sudden infant death syndrome -- Privilege and public immunity -- Reference -- Chapter 2 Scottish legal system -- History -- Criminal jurisdiction -- Procurator fiscal (see also Chapter 18) -- The Crown Office -- Solemn cases -- Criminal procedure -- Civil jurisdiction -- Child protection procedures in Scotland -- The reporter -- Childrens hearings -- Proof hearings -- Place of safety -- Case conferences -- Child Protection Register -- Chapter 3 The Police in the United Kingdom -- The duties and structure of the police service -- The investigation of crime, and prosecutions -- Other operational matters -- Police personnel -- Professional standards and complaints against police -- Other forces -- Chapter 4 The practitioner's obligations -- Introduction -- The legal framework -- Consent -- Intimate and non-intimate samples -- Intimate body searches -- Capacity -- Appropriate adults -- Confidentiality -- Confidentiality in the custodial situation -- Data Protection Act 1998.

Disclosure -- References -- Chapter 5 The doctor in court -- Types of evidence -- Types of court -- Procedure -- Section 9 statement -- In court -- The expert -- Fees -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 6 Custody medicine physical conditions -- Introduction -- Principles -- Consultation problems within custody -- Notes or pro formas -- Medication -- Liaison with custody staff on arrival -- Consultations in relation to specific medical conditions -- Asthma -- Diabetes -- Epilepsy -- Heart disease -- Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) -- Sickle-cell disease (SS) -- Pregnancy -- Injuries (see also Chapter 10) -- Police restraint injuries -- Unarmed restraint -- Rigid handcuffs -- Batons -- Baton rounds -- CS and PAVA incapacitant spray -- Taser (Thomas A Swifts electronic rifle) -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 7 Custody medicine mental illness and psychological conditions -- Introduction -- Examination of the mental state -- Clinical syndromes -- Fitness for interview -- Appropriate adult -- Assessment of suicide risk -- The Mental Health Act 1983 (MHA 1983) -- Section 2 (MHA 1983) Compulsory admission to hospital for assessment -- Section 3 (MHA 1983) Compulsory admission to hospital for treatment -- Section 4 (MHA 1983) Compulsory admission for assessment in an emergency -- Section 136 (MHA 1983) Police power to remove to a place of safety -- Section 135 (MHA 1983) -- Other provisions of the Act -- Summary of options following mental health assessment -- The new mental health legislation in England and Wales -- Mental health legislation in Scotland -- Short-term detention s44 of the Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003 -- Emergency detention s36 of the Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) 2003 -- Assessment order and treatment order s52 of the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 2003.

Compulsory treatment order or compulsion order -- Restricted status -- Section 200 of the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995 -- Place of safety -- Further reading -- Chapter 8 Substance misuse -- Introduction -- Criminality and drug use -- Drug laws -- Definitions -- General principles -- Specific drugs (classified by their most characteristic pharmacological effect) -- Drugs that stimulate the nervous system -- Drugs that alter perceptual function -- Drugs that depress the nervous system -- Opiates -- Treatment of opiate withdrawal -- Overdose -- Harm minimization -- Mental Health Act -- Concealment -- Drug treatment monitoring systems -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 9 Alcohol, drugs and driving -- The substance -- Metabolism -- Effects of alcohol -- Alcohol and driving -- Road traffic legislation -- Legal limits -- Road Traffic Act procedures -- Police procedure -- Police station procedure -- Hospital procedure -- Complex defences -- Failure to provide a sample of breath -- Failure to provide a sample of blood -- Failure to provide a sample of urine -- Drugs and driving -- References -- Chapter 10 Injury -- Describing wounds -- Nature of the injury -- Age -- Size and shape -- Position -- Types of injury -- Transient lesions -- Bruises -- Abrasions -- Lacerations -- Incisions -- Stab wounds -- Defence wounds -- Self-mutilation -- Firearm wounds -- Smooth bore weapons -- Rifled weapons -- Shotgun wounds -- Rifled weapon wounds -- Torture -- Investigation of suspicious death -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 11 Child abuse physical -- Non-accidental injury (NAI) -- Types of injury -- Burns and scalds -- Bone and joint injuries -- Neurological injuries -- Mistaken diagnoses -- References -- Chapter 12 Child abuse sexual -- Definition of a child -- Definitions of abuse or neglect.

Confidentiality, consent, sharing of information -- Child sexual abuse -- Why do an examination? -- Who should conduct the examination? -- Skills required -- Where should the examination take place? -- When should the examination be done? -- How should the examination be done? -- History taking -- Communication problems -- The examination (see Table 12.1.) -- Chaperones -- Height and weight -- The genital examination female -- The genital examination male -- Anal examination -- Significance of ano-genital finding -- Other considerations -- Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) -- Psychological support -- Medical follow-up and the sharing of information -- Photography -- Storage/ownership of notes -- Peer review -- THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF CHILD PROTECTION IN ENGLAND AND WALES -- Justifying state intervention the concept of significant harm -- Identifying and reporting abuse -- Emergency protection of children -- References -- Further reading and resources -- Chapter 13 Adult sexual offences -- Introduction -- Legislation and definitions -- Rape (SOA 2003 section 1) -- Assault by penetration (SOA section 2) -- Sexual assault (SOA section 3) -- Complainants (complainer in Scotland) and suspects -- Examination facilities -- Support for the complainant -- Documentation -- Appraisal of the allegation -- Current medical problems and medication -- Past medical history -- Sexual and contraceptive history -- Drugs and alcohol -- Clothing and jewellery -- General examination -- Examination of genitalia and anus -- Female genitalia -- Inspection -- Bimanual examination -- Male genitalia -- Inspection -- Perianal area -- Inspection -- Digital examination -- Forensic samples -- Principles of forensic sampling -- Avoidance of contamination -- Preparation -- 'Double swabbing' -- Rolling of the swab head -- Number of swabs -- Controls for water and swabs.

Packaging and labelling -- Vaginal intercourse -- Anal intercourse -- Oral sexual acts -- Other sexual/physical acts -- Toxicology -- Products of conception -- Control samples -- Interpretation of general injuries -- Genital and anal findings -- Reddening -- Abrasions -- Bruises -- Lacerations -- Incisions -- Subsequent to the examination -- Emergency contraception -- Oral hormonal method (levonorgestrel emergency contraceptive, LNG EC) -- Intrauterine devices -- Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) -- The psychological consequences of sexual assault -- Immediate phase -- Long-term response -- The medico-legal implications of pregnancy -- Termination of pregnancy -- Stillbirth -- Concealment of birth -- Infanticide -- Sexual variations -- References -- Chapter 14 Management of at-risk exposures and infection control in custody -- Introduction -- Prevalence of BBVs at-risk groups, body fluids and routes of transmission -- Hepatitis B -- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -- Hepatitis C (HCV) -- Immediate management following an exposure to BBVs -- Follow-up management -- Specific management for hepatitis B -- Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for hepatitis B -- Specific management for HIV -- Specific management for hepatitis C -- Infection control -- Sharps handling and disposal -- Spillage management -- Cleaning protocols -- Routine cleaning -- Specialized cleaning -- Clinical waste handling and disposal -- Screening questions -- Immunization of staff -- Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) -- Managing detainees with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis -- Diagnosis and treatment of scabies -- Management in custody -- References -- Chapter 15 Scenes of crime -- Preservation of the scene -- Techniques used at the scene -- Photography -- Fingerprinting -- Firearms -- Documents -- The doctor at the scene -- Chapter 16 Forensic science.

Biological examinations.