Cancer Chemotherapy -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Cancer epidemiology -- 1.1 Cancer incidence, prevalence and mortality -- 1.2 Childhood cancers -- 1.3 Global epidemiology -- 2 Histopathology of cancer -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Malignant, benign and normal (non-malignant) tissue -- 2.3 Cell death -- 3 Carcinogenesis, malignant transformation and progression -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Chemical carcinogenesis -- 4 Molecular biology of cancer: oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Oncogenesis -- 4.3 Tumour suppressor genes -- 5 Tumour metastasis: a convergence of many theories -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Detachment and migration from the primary tumour -- 5.3 Intravasation -- 5.4 Transport -- 5.5 Extravasation -- 5.6 Growth of the metastatic tumour mass -- 6 Health professionals in the treatment of cancer -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Pathology -- 6.3 Radiology -- 6.4 Role of the surgical oncologist -- 6.5 Oncology pharmacy -- 6.6 Oncology nursing -- 6.7 The NHS Cancer Plan -- 7 Principles of cancer chemotherapy -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Timing of chemotherapy -- 7.3 Biomarkers and their uses -- 7.4 Clinical assessment of biomarkers -- 7.5 Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics of cancer chemotherapy -- 8 Classical anticancer agents -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Alkylating agents -- 8.3 Antimetabolites -- 8.4 Agents derived from natural or semisynthetic products -- 8.5 Hormonal anticancer agents -- 8.6 Clinically used chemotherapy regimens -- 9 The philosophy of cancer research -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Structure of cancer research organizations in the United Kingdom -- 9.3 Cancer research in the United States -- 10 Novel anticancer agents -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Target validation -- 10.3 Identification and optimization of lead drugs -- 10.4 Preclinical pharmacology -- 11 Clinical trials -- 11.1 Introduction.

11.2 Evaluation of treatment response -- 11.3 Assessment of vascularity and angiogenesis by nuclear medicine technology -- 12 Tumour hypoxia -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Bioreductive drugs -- 12.3 Inhibitors of HIF-1 and HIF-1-regulated genes -- 13 Antiangiogenic and antivascular agents -- 13.1 History of angiogenesis as a therapeutic target -- 13.2 Anti-angiogenic drug targets -- 13.3 The return of thalidomide -- 13.4 Monoclonal antibodies as anti-angiogenic agents -- 13.5 The hollow fibre assay as a drug screen for anti-angiogenic drugs -- 13.6 Vascular disrupting agents -- 14 Tyrosine kinase inhibitors -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting angiogenesis -- 14.3 Non-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors -- 15 Ras inhibitors -- 16 Inhibitors of the Akt/PKB pathway -- 17 Targeting stress proteins: HSP90 inhibitors -- 18 The proteasome -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 The proteasome as a target for novel drug strategies -- 18.3 Ubiquitylation as a target -- 19 Checkpoint protein kinases as novel targets - mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) -- 19.1 Mammalian target of rapamycin -- 19.2 Structure and activation of mTOR -- 19.3 Novel anticancer agents targeting mTOR -- 20 Telomerase -- 21 Histone deacetylase: an epigenetic drug target -- 21.1 Introduction -- 21.2 HDAC and DNA packaging -- 21.3 HDAC inhibitors -- 22 Pharmaceutical problems in cancer chemotherapy -- 22.1 Manifestation of toxicity -- 22.2 Regimen-related toxicity -- 22.3 Secondary malignancies -- 22.4 Drug resistance -- 22.5 Pharmaceutical complications -- 22.6 Phlebitis and venous irritation -- 22.7 Health and safety -- 22.8 National guidance on the safe administration of intrathecal chemotherapy -- 23 Oncology pharmacy at home and abroad -- 24 Practice exam questions -- 25 Bibliography and further reading -- Index -- Colour Plate.