Evolution through Genetic Exchange.
Title:
Evolution through Genetic Exchange.
Author:
Arnold, Michael L.
ISBN:
9780191524622
Personal Author:
Physical Description:
1 online resource (271 pages)
Contents:
Contents -- 1 History of investigations -- 1.1 Pre-Darwin, Darwin, the Modern Synthesis and genetic exchange: development of a paradigm -- 1.2 Post-Modern Synthesis: case studies of genetic exchange -- 1.2.1 Louisiana irises -- 1.2.2 Plague -- 1.2.3 Darwin's finches -- 1.2.4 Influenza -- 1.3 Summary and conclusions -- 2 The role of species concepts -- 2.1 Species concepts and understanding genetic exchange -- 2.2 Genetic exchange considered through four species concepts -- 2.2.1 Biological species concept -- 2.2.2 Phylogenetic species concept -- 2.2.3 Cohesion species concept -- 2.2.4 Prokaryotic species concept -- 2.3 Summary and conclusions -- 3 Testing the hypothesis -- 3.1 Genetic exchange as a testable hypothesis -- 3.2 Controversy over genetic exchange: examples from oaks -- 3.2.1 North American oaks -- 3.2.2 European oaks -- 3.3 Methods to test for genetic exchange -- 3.3.1 Concordance across data sets: hybrid zone analyses -- 3.3.2 Phylogenetic discordance -- 3.3.3 Gene genealogies and models of speciation -- 3.3.4 Intragenomic divergence -- 3.3.5 Nested clade analysis -- 3.4 Summary and conclusions -- 4 Barriers to gene flow -- 4.1 Barriers to exchange form a multi-stage process -- 4.2 Genetic exchange: Louisiana irises and reproductive barriers -- 4.2.1 Ecological setting as a barrier -- 4.2.2 Gamete competition as a barrier -- 4.2.3 Hybrid viability as a barrier -- 4.2.4 Hybrid fertility as a barrier -- 4.3 Genetic exchange: five stages of reproductive isolation -- 4.3.1 Ecological setting -- 4.3.2 Behavioral characteristics -- 4.3.3 Gamete competition -- 4.3.4 Hybrid viability -- 4.3.5 Hybrid fertility -- 4.4 Summary and conclusions -- 5 Hybrid fitness -- 5.1 Components of hybrid fitness -- 5.2 Genetic exchange and fitness: microorganisms -- 5.2.1 Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- 5.2.2 Legionella pneumophila.
5.2.3 Brazilian purpuric fever -- 5.2.4 Entamoeba histolytica -- 5.2.5 Bacterial viruses -- 5.2.6 Yeast -- 5.2.7 Salmonella -- 5.3 Genetic exchange and fitness: plants -- 5.3.1 Ipomopsis -- 5.3.2 Louisiana irises -- 5.3.3 Helianthus -- 5.3.4 Artemisia -- 5.3.5 Populus -- 5.3.6 Hawaiian Silversword complex -- 5.3.7 Salix -- 5.4 Genetic exchange and fitness: animals -- 5.4.1 Bombina -- 5.4.2 Rana -- 5.4.3 Cichlids -- 5.4.4 Whitefish, redfish, and charr -- 5.4.5 Flycatchers -- 5.4.6 Manakins -- 5.5 Summary and conclusions -- 6 Gene duplication -- 6.1 Gene duplication and evolution -- 6.2 Genetic exchange: genomewide evolution following duplication -- 6.2.1 Genomewide effects-epigenetic changes through methylation -- 6.2.2 Genomewide effects-activation of transposable elements -- 6.2.3 Genomewide effects-genome downsizing -- 6.2.4 Genomewide effects-chromosome rearrangements -- 6.3 Genetic exchange: gene and gene family evolution following duplication -- 6.3.1 Genes and gene families: concerted evolution -- 6.3.2 Genes and gene families: changes in gene expression patterns and function -- 6.3.3 Genes and gene families: evolution of adaptations -- 6.4 Genetic exchange: genome duplication and adaptive radiations -- 6.4.1 Duplication and adaptive radiation: the vertebrate lineage -- 6.4.2 Duplication and adaptive radiation: the fish clade -- 6.5 Summary and conclusions -- 7 Origin of new evolutionary lineages -- 7.1 Viral recombination, lateral transfer, natural hybridization, and evolutionary diversification -- 7.2 Natural hybridization, allopolyploidy, and evolutionary diversification in non-flowering plants -- 7.2.1 Ferns -- 7.2.2 Bryophytes -- 7.3 Natural hybridization, allopolyploidy, and evolutionary diversification in flowering plants -- 7.3.1 Draba -- 7.3.2 Paeonia -- 7.3.3 Glycine -- 7.3.4 Spartina.
7.4 Natural hybridization, allopolyploidy, and evolutionary diversification in animals -- 7.4.1 Parthenogenesis -- 7.4.2 Gynogenesis -- 7.4.3 Sexually reproducing, allopolyploid animals -- 7.5 Natural hybridization, homoploidy, and evolutionary diversification -- 7.5.1 Evolution by homoploid hybrid lineage formation in plants -- 7.5.2 Evolution by homoploid hybrid lineage formation in animals-parthenogenetic and hybridogenetic taxa -- 7.5.3 Evolution by homoploid hybrid lineage formation in animals-sexually reproducing taxa -- 7.6 Viral recombination, lateral exchange, introgressive hybridization, and evolutionary diversification in microorganisms -- 7.6.1 Viral recombination, lateral exchange, and the evolution of bacteriophages -- 7.6.2 Lateral exchange and the evolution of bacterial lineages -- 7.6.3 Introgressive hybridization and the evolution of the protozoan genus Trypanosoma -- 7.7 Summary and conclusions -- 8 Implications for endangered taxa -- 8.1 Introgressive hybridization and the conservation and restoration of endangered taxa -- 8.2 Introgressive hybridization involving endangered plant taxa -- 8.2.1 Eucalyptus -- 8.2.2 Carpobrotus -- 8.2.3 Taraxacum -- 8.3 Introgressive hybridization involving endangered animal taxa -- 8.3.1 Felidae -- 8.3.2 African elephants -- 8.3.3 Aves -- 8.4 Summary and conclusions -- 9 Humans and associated lineages -- 9.1 The role of genetic exchange in the evolutionary history of humans and their food, drugs, clothing, and diseases -- 9.2 Introgressive hybridization and the evolution of Homo sapiens -- 9.2.1 Hominoids -- 9.3 Introgressive hybridization, hybrid speciation, and the evolution of human food sources -- 9.3.1 Animals -- 9.3.2 Plants -- 9.4 Introgressive hybridization, hybrid speciation, and the evolution of human drugs -- 9.4.1 Coffee -- 9.4.2 Chocolate -- 9.4.3 Tobacco.
9.5 Introgressive hybridization, hybrid speciation, and the evolution of pathogens of plants utilized by humans -- 9.5.1 Phytophthora -- 9.5.2 Dutch elm disease -- 9.5.3 Erwinia carotovora -- 9.6 Introgressive hybridization, hybrid speciation, and the evolution of human clothing materials -- 9.6.1 Leather -- 9.6.2 Deer skin -- 9.6.3 Cotton -- 9.7 Introgressive hybridization, hybrid speciation, and the evolution of human disease vectors -- 9.7.1 Anopheles funestus -- 9.7.2 Culex pipiens -- 9.8 Lateral transfer and the evolution of human diseases -- 9.8.1 Propionibacterium acnes -- 9.8.2 Burkholderia pseudomallei -- 9.9 Human-mediated genetic exchange -- 9.10 Summary and conclusions -- 10 Emergent properties -- 10.1 Genetic exchange is pervasive -- 10.2 Genetic exchange: research directions -- Glossary -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- V -- Reference -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z.
Abstract:
More and more data indicate that evolution has resulted in lineages consisting of mosaics of genes derived from different ancestors. It is therefore becoming increasingly clear that the tree is an inadequate metaphor of evolutionary change. In this book, Arnold promotes the 'web-of-life' metaphor as a more appropriate representation of evolutionary change in all lifeforms. - ;Even before the publication of Darwin's Origin of Species, the perception of evolutionary change has been a tree-like pattern of diversification - with divergent branches spreading further and further from the trunk. In the only illustration of Darwin's treatise, branches large and small never reconnect. However, it is now evident that this view does not adequately encompass the richness of evolutionary pattern and process. Instead, the evolution of species from microbes to. mammals builds like a web that crosses and re-crosses through genetic exchange, even as it grows outward from a point of origin. Some of the avenues for genetic exchange, for example introgression through sexual recombination versus lateral gene transfer mediated by transposable elements, are based on. definably different molecular mechanisms. However, even such widely different genetic processes may result in similar effects on adaptations (either new or transferred), genome evolution, population genetics, and the evolutionary/ecological trajectory of organisms. For example, the evolution of novel adaptations (resulting from lateral gene transfer) leading to the flea-borne, deadly, causative agent of plague from a rarely-fatal, orally-transmitted, bacterial species is quite similar to the. adaptations accrued from natural hybridization between annual sunflower species resulting in the formation of several new species. Thus, more and more data indicate that evolution has resulted in lineages consisting
of mosaics of genes derived from different ancestors. It is therefore becoming. increasingly clear that the tree is an inadequate metaphor of evolutionary change. In this book, Arnold promotes the 'web-of-life' metaphor as a more appropriate representation of evolutionary change in all lifeforms. This research level text is suitable for senior undergraduate and graduate level students taking related courses in departments of genetics, ecology and evolution. It will also be of relevance and use to professional evolutionary biologists and systematists seeking a comprehensive and authoritative overview of this rapidly expanding field. - ;Evolution Through Genetic Exchange represents a compelling argument for a paradigm shift in evolutionary biology, in which the Tree of Life is replaced conceptually by a Web of Life that connects all living organisms and their genomes. The Quarterly Review of Biology -.
Local Note:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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