Contents -- Preface and acknowledgements -- 1 The extinction vortex, is genetic variation related to extinction? -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The extinction vortex -- 1.3 Evidence from wild populations of a link between low genetic diversity and extinction -- 1.4 Experimental studies -- 1.5 Conclusions -- 2 How to measure genetic variation -- 2.1 Codominant neutral variation -- 2.1.1 Percentage of polymorphic loci -- 2.1.2 Alleles per locus/allelic richness -- 2.1.3 Expected heterozygosity -- 2.1.4 Observed heterozygosity -- 2.1.5 Inbreeding coefficient -- 2.1.6 Population differentiation -- 2.1.7 Gene flow -- 2.2 Dominant neutral markers -- 2.3 Sequence variation -- 2.3.1 Proportion of variable sites -- 2.3.2 Nucleotide diversity -- 2.3.3 Haplotype diversity -- 2.4 Non-neutral markers and neutrality tests -- 2.5 Quantitative additive genetic variation -- 2.6 Conclusions -- 3 Inbreeding, geographic subdivision, and gene flow -- 3.1 Inbreeding within populations -- 3.2 Population structure -- 3.3 Effective population size -- 3.4 Examples of population structure in endangered species -- 3.5 Inbreeding depression -- 3.6 Heterozygosity-fitness correlations -- 3.7 Rescue effects -- 3.8 Conclusions -- 4 Genetic diversity in changing environments -- 4.1 Fragmentation and natural and human-induced barriers to gene flow -- 4.2 Landscape genetics -- 4.3 Effects of bottlenecks and how to detect them -- 4.4 Effects of population expansions and range shifts -- 4.5 Invasive species -- 4.6 Summary -- 5 Genes under selection: Mhc and others -- 5.1 Mhc genes -- 5.1.1 Mhc and conservation in mammals -- 5.1.2 Mhc and conservation in birds -- 5.1.3 Mhc and conservation in reptiles and amphibians -- 5.1.4 Mhc and conservation in fish -- 5.1.5 Summary: Mhc and immunogenetics in conservation -- 5.2 Other candidate genes relevant for conservation.

5.2.1 Pigmentation genes: mc1r -- 5.2.2 Photoperiodism: Clock and other genes -- 5.3 Conclusions -- 6 Local adaptation -- 6.1 Evidence of local adaptation -- 6.2 Differentiation in quantitative traits, Q[sub(ST)] -- 6.3 Comparisons of F[sub(ST)] and Q[sub(ST)] -- 6.4 Q[sub(ST)] applied to conservation studies -- 6.5 Conclusions -- 7 Ecological genomics -- 7.1 WGS -- 7.2 What to do with the data? Assembly and annotation -- 7.3 What to do with the data? Evolutionary and ecological analyses -- 7.4 Genomics in conservation -- 7.4.1 SNP detection and genotyping -- 7.4.2 QTL mapping of functionally important loci -- 7.4.3 Differential gene expression -- 7.4.4 Phylogenetics -- 7.5 Genomic studies of non-model species -- 7.6 Conclusions -- 8 An evolutionary conservation biology -- 8.1 Human impact on evolutionary processes -- 8.2 Evolutionary responses of harvesting -- 8.3 Conserving evolutionary potential -- 8.4 Conservation units -- 8.5 Concluding remarks -- References -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Z.