Contents -- Part 1 Particles and Interactions -- 1 Quarks and leptons and their interactions -- 1.1 Preamble -- 1.2 Quarks and leptons -- 1.3 Fermions and bosons: the spin-statistics theorem -- supersymmetry -- 1.4 Antiparticles -- 1.5 The fundamental interactions: boson exchange -- 1.6 The boson couplings to fermions -- 1.7 The quark-gluon plasma -- 1.8 The interaction cross section -- 1.9 Examples of elementary particle cross sections -- 1.10 Decays and resonances -- 1.11 Examples of resonances -- 1.12 New particles -- 1.13 Summary -- Problems -- 2 Relativistic transformations and the equivalence principle -- 2.1 Coordinate transformations in special relativity -- 2.2 Invariant intervals and four-vectors -- 2.3 The equivalence principle: clocks in gravitational fields -- 2.4 General relativity -- 2.5 The Schwarzschild line element, Schwarzschild radius, and black holes -- 2.6 The gravitational deflection of light by a point mass -- 2.7 Shapiro time delay -- 2.8 Orbital precession -- 2.9 The Robertson-Walker line element -- 2.10 Modifications to Newtonian gravity? -- 2.11 Relativistic kinematics: four-momentum -- the Doppler effect -- 2.12 Fixed-target and colliding-beam accelerators -- Problems -- 3 Conservation rules, symmetries, and the Standard Model of particle physics -- 3.1 Transformations and the Euler-Lagrange equation -- 3.2 Rotations -- 3.3 The parity operation -- 3.4 Parity conservation and intrinsic parity -- 3.5 Parity violation in weak interactions -- 3.6 Helicity and helicity conservation -- 3.7 Charge conjugation invariance -- 3.8 Gauge transformations and gauge invariance -- 3.9 Superstrings -- 3.10 Gauge invariance in the electroweak theory -- 3.11 The Higgs mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking -- 3.12 Running couplings -- 3.13 Vacuum structure in gauge theories -- 3.14 CPT theorem and CP and T symmetry.

3.15 CP violation in neutral kaon decay -- 3.16 CP violation in the Standard Model: the CKM matrix -- 3.17 Summary -- Problems -- 4 Extensions of the Standard Model -- 4.1 Neutrinoless double beta decay -- 4.2 Neutrino masses and flavour oscillations -- 4.3 Grand unified theories: proton decay -- 4.4 Grand unification and the neutrino see-saw mechanism -- 4.5 Hierarchies and supersymmetry -- 4.6 Summary -- Problems -- Part 2 The Early Universe -- 5 The expanding universe -- 5.1 The Hubble expansion -- 5.2 Olbers' paradox -- 5.3 The Friedmann equation -- 5.4 The sources of energy density -- 5.5 Observed energy densities -- 5.6 The age and size of the universe -- 5.7 The deceleration parameter -- 5.8 Cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) -- 5.9 Anisotropies in the microwave radiation -- 5.10 Particles and radiations in the early universe -- 5.11 Photon and neutrino densities -- 5.12 Radiation and matter eras -- 5.13 The eras of matter-radiation equality -- 5.14 Summary -- Problems -- 6 Nucleosynthesis and baryogenesis -- 6.1 Primordial nucleosynthesis -- 6.2 Baryogenesis and matter-antimatter asymmetry -- 6.3 The baryon-photon ratio in the Big Bang -- 6.4 The Sakharov criteria -- 6.5 The baryon-antibaryon asymmetry: possible scenarios -- 6.6 Summary -- Problems -- 7 Dark matter and dark energy components -- 7.1 Preamble -- 7.2 Dark matter in galaxies and clusters -- 7.3 Gravitational lensing -- 7.4 Evidence for dark matter from gravitational lensing -- 7.5 Microlensing and MACHOs -- 7.6 The lensing probability: optical depth -- 7.7 Baryonic dark matter -- 7.8 Neutrinos -- 7.9 Axions -- 7.10 Axion-like particles -- 7.11 Weakly interacting massive particles -- 7.12 Expected WIMP cross-sections and event rates -- 7.13 Experimental WIMP searches -- 7.14 Dark energy: high redshift supernovae and Hubble plot at large z.

7.15 Vacuum energy: the Casimir effect -- 7.16 Problems with the cosmological constant and dark energy -- 7.17 Summary -- Problems -- 8 Development of structure in the early universe -- 8.1 Preamble -- 8.2 Galactic and intergalactic magnetic fields -- 8.3 Horizon and flatness problems -- 8.4 Inflation -- 8.5 Chaotic inflation -- 8.6 Quantum fluctuations and inflation -- 8.7 The spectrum of primordial fluctuations -- 8.8 Gravitational collapse and the Jeans mass -- 8.9 The growth of structure in an expanding universe -- 8.10 Evolution of fluctuations during the radiation era -- 8.11 Cosmological limits on neutrino mass from fluctuation spectrum -- 8.12 Growth of fluctuations in the matterdominated era -- 8.13 Temperature fluctuations and anisotropies in the CMB -- 8.14 The Angular spectrum of anisotropies: 'acoustic peaks' in the distribution -- 8.15 Experimental observation and interpretation of CMB anisotropies -- 8.16 Polarization of the cosmic microwave radiation -- 8.17 Summary -- Problems -- Part 3 Particles and Radiation in the Cosmos -- 9 Cosmic particles -- 9.1 Preamble -- 9.2 The composition and spectrum of cosmic rays -- 9.3 Geomagnetic and solar effects -- 9.4 Acceleration of cosmic rays -- 9.5 Secondary cosmic radiation: pions and muons -- 9.6 Passage of charged particles and radiation through matter -- 9.7 Development of an electromagnetic cascade -- 9.8 Extensive air showers: nucleon- and photon-induced showers -- 9.9 Detection of extensive air showers -- 9.10 Point sources of γ-rays -- 9.11 γ-Ray bursts -- 9.12 Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray showers: the GZK cut-off -- 9.13 Point sources of ultra high energy cosmic rays -- 9.14 Radio galaxies and quasars -- 9.15 Atmospheric neutrinos: neutrino oscillations -- 9.16 Solar neutrinos -- 9.17 Neutrino oscillations in matter -- 9.18 Point sources of high-energy neutrinos.

9.19 Gravitational radiation -- 9.20 The binary pulsar -- 9.21 Detection of gravitational waves -- 9.22 Summary -- Problems -- 10 Particle physics in stars and galaxies -- 10.1 Preamble -- 10.2 Stellar evolution-the early stages -- 10.3 Hydrogen burning: the p-p cycle in the Sun -- 10.4 Helium burning and the production of carbon and oxygen -- 10.5 Production of heavy elements -- 10.6 Electron degeneracy pressure and stellar stability -- 10.7 White dwarf stars -- 10.8 Stellar collapse: type II supernovae -- 10.9 Neutrinos from SN 1987A -- 10.10 Neutron stars and pulsars -- 10.11 Black holes -- 10.12 Hawking radiation from black holes -- 10.13 Summary -- Problems -- A: Table of physical constants -- B: Yukawa theory and the boson propagator -- C: Perturbative growth of structure in the early universe -- C.1 Growth in the matter-dominated era -- D: The MSW mechanism in solar neutrino interactions -- Answers to problems -- References -- Bibliography -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z.