Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Introductory concepts -- 1.1 Units -- 1.2 Earth, weight and mass -- 1.3 Systems and equilibrium -- 1.3.1 Examples of thermodynamic systems -- 1.4 Constraints -- 1.5 Intensive and extensive quantities -- 1.6 System boundaries -- 1.7 Thermodynamics and atmospheric science -- Notes -- Notation and abbreviations for Chapter 1 -- Problems -- 2 Gases -- 2.1 Ideal gas basics -- 2.1.1 Intermolecular spacing -- 2.1.2 Mean free path -- 2.1.3 Pressure from kinetic theory -- 2.2 Distribution of velocities -- 2.3 Flux of molecules striking a wall -- 2.4 Moles, etc -- 2.5 Dalton's Law -- Notes -- Notation and abbreviations for Chapter 2 -- Problems -- 3 The First Law of Thermodynamics -- 3.1 Reversible and irreversible work -- 3.2 Heating a system -- 3.2.1 Internal energy and the First Law -- 3.3 Ideal gas results -- 3.3.1 Internal energy of an ideal gas -- 3.3.2 Heat capacities -- 3.3.3 Adiabatic processes and potential temperature -- 3.4 Enthalpy -- 3.5 Standard enthalpy of fusion and vaporization -- Notes -- Notation and abbreviations for Chapter 3 -- Problems -- 4 The Second Law of Thermodynamics -- 4.1 Entropy -- 4.2 The Second Law of Thermodynamics -- 4.3 Systems and reversibility -- 4.4 Additivity of entropy -- 4.4.1 Expression for entropy of an ideal gas -- 4.4.2 Expression for the internal energy of an ideal gas -- 4.4.3 Enthalpy of an ideal gas -- 4.5 Extremum principle -- 4.5.1 Carnot cycle -- 4.6 Entropy summary -- 4.7 Criteria for equilibrium -- 4.8 Gibbs energy -- 4.8.1 Gibbs energy for an ideal gas -- 4.8.2 Equilibrium criteria for the Gibbs energy -- 4.9 Multiple components -- Notes -- Notation and abbreviations for Chapter 4 -- Problems -- 5 Air and water -- 5.1 Vapor pressure -- 5.2 Saturation vapor pressure -- 5.3 Van der Waals equation.

5.4 Multiple phase systems -- 5.5 Phase boundaries -- 5.6 Clausius-Clapeyron equation -- 5.7 Integration of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation -- 5.8 Mixing air and water -- 5.9 Wet-bulb temperature, LCL -- 5.10 Equilibrium vapor pressure over a curved surface -- 5.11 Isobaric mixing of air parcels -- Notes -- Notation and abbreviations for Chapter 5 -- Problems -- 6 Profiles of the atmosphere -- 6.1 Pressure versus height -- 6.2 Slope of the dry adiabat -- 6.3 Geopotential height and thickness -- 6.4 Archimedes' Principle -- 6.5 Stability -- 6.6 Vertical oscillations -- 6.7 Where is the LCL? -- 6.8 Slope of a moist adiabat -- 6.9 Lifting moist air -- 6.10 Moist static energy -- 6.11 Profiles of well-mixed layers -- 6.11.1 Well-mixed temperature profile -- 6.11.2 Water vapor in a well-mixed layer -- Notes -- Notation and abbreviations for Chapter 6 -- Problems -- 7 Thermodynamic charts -- 7.1 Areas and energy -- 7.2 Skew T diagram -- 7.3 Chart exercises -- 7.4 Stability problem: example sounding -- 7.5 Convective available potential energy (CAPE) -- Notation and abbreviations for Chapter 7 -- Problems -- 8 Thermochemistry -- 8.1 Standard enthalpy of formation -- 8.2 Photochemistry -- 8.3 Gibbs energy for chemical reactions -- 8.4 Elementary kinetics -- 8.4.1 Reaction rate -- 8.4.2 Concept of chemical lifetime -- 8.5 Equilibrium constant -- 8.6 Solutions -- 8.6.1 Molar Gibbs energy of an ideal solution -- 8.6.2 The elevation of the boiling point and the lowering of the freezing point of a solution -- Notes -- Notation and abbreviations for Chapter 8 -- Problems -- 9 The thermodynamic equation -- 9.1 Scalar and vector fields -- 9.2 Pressure gradient force -- 9.3 Surface integrals and flux -- 9.4 Conduction of heat -- 9.5 Two-dimensional divergence -- 9.6 Three-dimensional divergence -- 9.7 Divergence theorem -- 9.8 Continuity equation.

9.9 Material derivative -- 9.10 Thermodynamic equation -- 9.11 Potential temperature form -- 9.12 Contributions to DQM/Dt -- Notes -- Notation and abbreviations for Chapter 9 -- Problems -- Appendix A: Units and numerical values of constants -- Appendix B: Notation and abbreviations -- Appendix C: Answers for selected problems -- Chapter 1 -- Chapter 2 -- Chapter 3 -- Chapter 4 -- Chapter 5 -- Chapter 6 -- Chapter 7 -- Chapter 8 -- Chapter 9 -- Bibliography -- Index.