Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 1 The cerebellum -- Introduction -- Anatomic overview -- Cytoarchitecture -- Inferior cerebellar peduncles -- Middle cerebellar peduncles -- Superior cerebellar peduncles -- Macroscopic organization -- Functional zones and clinical correlations -- The lateral zones -- Vermis and paravermal zones -- Flocculonodular lobe -- 2 The medulla -- Level of the pyramidal decussation -- Level of sensory (lemniscal) decussation -- Level of the inferior olives and inferior cerebelar peduncles -- 3 The pons -- Anatomy -- The basis pontis -- The corticospinal tract -- Corticobulbar fibers -- Corticocerebellar fibers (corticopontine fibers with connections to the cerebellar hemispheres) -- The pontine tegmentum -- The reticular formation -- The sensory lemniscal system -- The trapezoid body -- The medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) -- The locus ceruleus -- Cranial nerve nuclei -- Summary and conclusions -- Syndromes of the basis pontis -- Syndromes of the pontine tegmentum -- Blood supply to the pons -- Classification systems of pontine stroke -- 4 The midbrain -- Midbrain anatomy -- Anatomy of the caudal midbrain -- Anatomy of the rostral midbrain -- Midbrain blood supply -- 5 The basal ganglia -- Definition and nomenclature of the basal ganglia -- A general overview of basal ganglia connectivity -- A few facts about basal ganglia neurons -- A slightly more detailed view of basal ganglia connectivity -- The direct pathway (Fig. 5.5): cortex-putamen-GPi-thalamus-cortex -- The indirect pathway: cortex-putamen-GPe-STN-GPi-thalamus-cortex -- Minor outputs of the basal ganglia motor loop -- Pedunculopontine nucleus -- Superior colliculus -- Other cortex-striatum loops and other basal ganglia functions -- Dorsolateral prefrontal loop -- Oculomotor loop.

Lateral orbitofrontal loop -- Limbic loop -- Conclusion -- Abnormal T2-weighted hyperintensity -- Abnormal T1-weighted hyperintensity -- Abnormal T2-weighted hypointensity -- References -- 6 The diencephalon -- The thalamus -- Internal anatomy of the thalamus (Fig. 6.2) -- Functional categorization of thalamic nuclei -- Relay nuclei -- Sensory system -- Special sensory systems -- The motor system -- The limbic system -- Association nuclei -- Non-specific nuclei -- Internal circuitry of the thalamus -- Thalamic vascular territories -- Variant territories -- Summary -- Reference -- The hypothalamus and the pituitary -- Internal organization of the hypothalamus -- Preoptic region -- Anterior (or supraoptic) region -- Tuberal (or middle) region -- Mammillary (or posterior) region -- Pituitary -- Hippocampal formation -- Amygdala -- Thalamus -- Basal forebrain and prefrontal cortex -- Periaqueductal gray matter -- Tegmental brainstem nuclei -- Autonomic nuclei -- Retina -- Endocrine -- Autonomic -- Homeostasis -- Appetite and eating -- Thirst and drinking -- Temperature regulation -- Circadian rhythms and sleep -- Memory and other limbic functions -- References -- 7 The cerebral cortex -- Neocortex -- Allocortex -- Mesocortex -- Primary cortical areas -- Unimodal association areas -- Multimodal association areas -- The limbic cortex -- 8 Stroke - imaging and therapy -- Introduction -- Basics of stroke imaging -- Non-contrast CT in acute stroke -- Sulcal effacement -- Hypodensity of the gray matter and loss of the gray-white matter differentiation -- Dense vessels indicating intravascular clot -- MRI in stroke -- Diffusion-weighted (DWI) MRI -- Perfusion-weighted (PWI) MRI -- Stroke therapy -- Intravenous thrombolysis: the basics -- The NIHSS, described above -- The modified Rankin Score (mRS) -- The Barthel Index -- The Glasgow Outcome Scale.

The dosage of TPA -- The time to treatment: the 3-hour thrombolysis window -- Findings on the pre-treatment head CT and the '1/3 of the MCA' rule -- Intra-arterial thrombolysis -- Combination of intra-arterial and intravenous (bridging) thrombolytic therapy -- Alternative thrombolytic agents -- Mechanical clot retrieval -- Extending the thrombolysis time window: diffusion-perfusion MRI and the ischemic penumbra model -- Refining the PWI-DWI mismatch model: DWI reversibility and infarct threshold analysis -- References -- Index.