Cover -- Half-title -- Series-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Series Foreword -- Preface -- 1 Anatomy of the prostate gland and surgical pathology of prostate cancer -- Introduction -- Anatomy and histology of the normal prostate gland -- Embryology and development of the prostate gland -- Normal anatomy and histology of the prostate -- Neural anatomy -- Surgical pathology of the prostate gland -- Epidemiology, clinical aspects -- Morphologic diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma -- Histology of prostate cancer and Gleason grading -- Zonal anatomy and prostate adenocarcinoma -- Treatment effects on primary prostate adenocarcinoma -- Staging systems for prostatic adenocarcinoma -- Summary -- References -- 2 The natural and treated history of prostate cancer -- Introduction -- Historical series -- Natural history of prostate in the PSA era -- Delayed curative therapy after choosing watchful waiting -- The natural history of treated prostate cancer -- Ongoing randomized controlled trials -- Summary -- References -- 3 Current clinical issues in prostate cancer that can be addressed by imaging -- Introduction -- Imaging in diagnosis -- Imaging in treatment selection -- Identifying potentially insignificant cancer -- Assessing clinically significant prostate cancer -- Imaging in treatment planning -- Detection of recurrence -- Detection of local recurrence after radiation therapy -- Detection of local recurrence after radical prostatectomy -- Imaging in the detection of advanced disease -- Pre-treatment detection of metastases -- Post-treatment detection of metastases -- Follow-up of systemic therapy -- Conclusion -- References -- 4 Surgical treatment of prostate cancer -- Introduction -- Pre-operative assessment -- Limitations in clinical staging -- Role of imaging in pre-operative assessment.

Tailoring of surgical technique -- Extracapsular extension and positive surgical margins -- Erectile function recovery and neurovascular bundle preservation -- Urinary incontinence and apical dissection -- Intra-operative blood loss -- Surgical outcomes after radical prostatectomy -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Radiation therapy -- Introduction -- Imaging for patient selection and radiation treatment planning -- Prognostic risk stratification -- Definitions of biochemical outcome -- Choice of local therapy -- External beam radiation therapy -- Intensity-modulated radiation therapy -- Dose escalation -- Image-guided radiation therapy -- Hypofractionation -- Acute and late toxicity after external beam radiotherapy -- Brachytherapy -- Modern permanent (LDR) brachytherapy -- Dose -- Temporary (HDR) brachytherapy -- Morbidity after brachytherapy -- Combined modality approaches -- Brachytherapy combined with external beam radiation -- Androgen suppression -- Adjuvant and salvage radiation therapy -- Salvage brachytherapy -- Conclusion -- References -- Introduction/Imaging for patient selection -- Prognostic risk stratification -- Definitions of biochemical outcome -- Choice of local therapy -- External beam radiation therapy -- Image-guided radiation therapy -- Hypofractionation -- Acute/late toxicity -- Brachytherapy -- HDR -- Morbidity -- Combined modality -- Hormone therapy -- Adjuvant and salvage -- 6 Systemic therapy -- Introduction -- Clinical states model of prostate cancer -- Prostate-specific antigen kinetics -- Androgen-deprivation therapy -- Timing of hormone therapy -- Continuous versus intermittent hormone therapy -- Secondary hormonal interventions -- Chemotherapy -- Targeted therapy: androgen receptor signaling axis -- Palliative therapy -- Summary -- References -- 7 Transrectal ultrasound imaging of the prostate -- Introduction.

Sonographic anatomy -- Histopathology -- Ultrasound imaging of the prostate -- Patient preparation and positioning -- Conventional gray-scale ultrasound -- Color and power Doppler ultrasound -- Contrast-enhanced ultrasound -- Elastography -- Conclusion -- References -- 8 Computed tomography imaging in patients with prostate cancer -- Introduction -- Detection and staging of primary prostate cancer -- Staging of systemic disease -- Treatment planning -- Treatment follow-up -- Conclusion -- References -- 9 Magnetic resonance imaging of prostate cancer -- Introduction -- Magnetic resonance imaging techniques -- Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging -- Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging -- Magnetic resonance spectroscopy -- Magnetic resonance imaging appearance of normal prostate -- Magnetic resonance imaging appearance of prostate cancer -- Role of magnetic resonance imaging in assessment of prostate cancer -- Magnetic-resonance-imaging-guided prostate biopsy -- Tumor detection and localization -- Tumor staging -- Lymph node staging -- Added value of magnetic resonance imaging to clinical assessment -- Role of magnetic resonance imaging in treatment planning -- Role of magnetic resonance imaging in assessment of recurrent disease -- Summary -- References -- 10 Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging and other emerging magnetic resonance techniques in prostate cancer -- Introduction -- Biologic basis of prostate spectral patterns -- Technical developments in prostate MR spectroscopy -- Criteria for magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging data interpretation -- Role of magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in untreated gland -- Role of magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging after definitive therapy -- Other emerging technologies -- Diffusion-weighted imaging -- Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.

Conclusion -- References -- 11 Nuclear medicine: diagnostic evaluation of metastatic disease -- Introduction -- The nuclear bone scan -- Prostate cancer -- The bone scan as a quantitative tool: the bone scan index -- Monitoring the time-dependent effects of bony involvement by metastatic disease in prostate cancer -- Direct measures of tumor metabolism in metastatic disease -- [18F]-2-Fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose in castrate-resistant prostate cancer for detecting tumor burden and to monitor treatment response -- Detection of disease in patients with prostate-specific antigen relapse after radical prostatectomy -- Radiolabeled antibody imaging: current status and future prospects -- Future applications of molecular imaging in prostate cancer: meeting pressing needs -- Understanding the biology of progressive disease: androgen receptor imaging agents -- Discovery of new tracers with potential application to imaging local regional and PSA-relapse clinical states -- [18 F]FA CBC ([ 18 F]-1-A mino- 3-fluoroc yclobuta ne-1-carb oxylic acid) -- [11 C]Methionine -- [18F]FACBC ([18F]-1-Amino-3-fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid) -- Other radiotracers for metastases -- The promise of radiolabeled antibody imaging as "virtual immunohistochemistry" -- Conclusion -- References -- 12 Imaging recurrent prostate cancer -- Introduction -- Management principles of recurrent prostate cancer -- General principles -- Patient selection for imaging of recurrent PCa after radiation therapy -- Patient selection for imaging of recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy -- Evaluation for metastatic recurrent prostate cancer -- Imaging of local recurrence after radiation therapy -- Digital rectal examination, transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), and TRUS- guided biopsy -- Prostate magnetic resonance imaging -- Imaging of local recurrence after radical prostatectomy.

TRUS- and DRE-guided biopsies -- Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging -- Nuclear medicine imaging for local recurrence -- Conclusion -- References -- Index.