Contents -- List of Illustrations -- List of Tables -- Acknowledgements -- 1 - Introduction -- 1.1 Setting the Scene -- 1.1.1 Scotland today -- 1.1.2 Changes in the political landscape -- 1.2 Scotland's Linguistic Communities -- 1.3 Introducing the Subject Matter -- 1.3.1 Definition of key terms -- 1.4 The Newspaper Corpus: Hard Evidence -- 1.4.1 Methodological considerations -- 1.5 Overview of Chapter Content -- Further Reading -- 2 - What is Scottish Identity? -- 2.1 What Constitutes Identity? -- 2.2 Is Identity Fixed? -- 2.3 Language and Identity -- 2.3.1 Language display -- 2.4 A Distinctive Scottish Identity -- 2.4.1 Defining Scottishness -- 2.4.2 The imagined Scottish community -- 2.4.3 The role of Scottish language -- 2.4.4 Language, identity and nation states -- 2.4.5 The role of Scottish stereotypes -- 2.5 Conclusion -- Further Read -- 3 - What is Scottish Language? -- 3.1 The Historical Context -- 3.2 The Linguistic Continuum -- 3.2.1 Varieties along the continuum -- 3.2.2 Polarisation, code-switching and style-drifting -- 3.3 Written vs Spoken Varieties -- 3.4 Thin and Dense Scots -- 3.5 Open vs Closed Class Scots Lexis -- 3.6 Cognate vs Non-Cognate Lexis -- 3.7 Linguistic Status -- 3.8 Linguistic Attitudes: Ambivalence and Insecurity -- 3.9 Linguistic Awareness -- 3.10 Implications for Scottish Newspaper Texts -- Further Reading -- 4 - Newspapers and their Readers -- 4.1 Readerships -- 4.2 Importance of a Shared Community Consciousness -- 4.3 The Ideal Reader -- 4.4 Alignment with Readership -- 4.4.1 Scottish branding -- 4.4.2 A visible presence -- 4.4.3 Rootedness of journalists -- 4.4.4 Including Scottish content and viewpoint -- 4.4.5 Alignment via language -- 4.4.5.1 Using deictic expressions and 'flags' -- 4.4.5.2 A dialogue between newspapers and readers -- 4.4.5.3 Using identifiably Scottish language.

4.4.5.4 A negotiated language -- 4.5 The Press as Gatekeepers -- 4.6 The Appropriacy Pact -- 4.7 Gatekeeping, Appropriacy and Use of Scots Language -- 4.8 Conclusion -- Further Reading -- 5 - A Limited Identity -- 5.1 The Overview -- 5.2 Where Do We Find Scots Lexis? -- 5.2.1 Methodology -- 5.2.2 Most Scots article types and journalists -- 5.3 Why is Usage of Scots Lexis Restricted to these Areas? -- 5.4 A Humorous Language? -- 5.5 How Scottish is too Scottish? -- 5.5.1 Thin and dense Scots -- 5.5.2 Open vs closed class lexis -- 5.6 How Different does it have to be from English? -- 5.6.1 Cognate/non-cognate lexis and density -- 5.6.2 Non-cognate/cognate and open vs closed class lexis -- 5.7 A Language More Fitted for Speech? -- 5.7.1 Methods for research into direct speech contexts -- 5.7.2 The individual rather than the institutional voice -- 5.8 Newspapers as a Force for Standardisation? -- 5.9 The Industry Perspective -- Further Reading -- 6 - A Multifaceted and Formulaic Identity -- 6.1 A Mediated Scottish Identity -- 6.1.1 Scottish identity mediated by class identity -- 6.1.2 Scottish identity mediated by local identity -- 6.2 Importance of Stereotypes and the Formulaic -- 6.3 Quotations and Allusions -- 6.4 Proverbs, Popular Wisdom and Sayings -- 6.5 Idiomatic Expressions -- 6.6 Other Fixed Expressions -- 6.6.1 Language variety of contexts for idioms and fixed expressions -- 6.7 Variation and Productivity -- 6.8 Common Collocational Clusters -- 6.9 Sources of the Formulaic -- 6.9.1 Importance of kinship, ancestral wisdom and nostalgia -- 6.9.2 Interaction with other facets of Scottish culture -- 6.9.2.1 The music hall -- 6.9.2.2 Sport -- 6.9.2.3 Burns: the national bard -- 6.10 Words which Trigger Scottish Stereotypes -- 6.10.1 Tartanry -- 6.10.2 Kailyard -- 6.10.3 Clydesidism -- Further Reading -- 7 - A Changing Identity?.

7.1 What Analysis of Newspaper Language can Teach us about Scottish Identity -- 7.2 Changes in the Frequencies of Scots Lexis Used -- 7.3 Changes in Number of Stories containing Scots Lexis -- 7.4 Changes in Lexical Density -- 7.5 Open Class Lexis: 1995 and 2005 Comparison -- 7.6 Non-Cognate vs Cognate Lexis: 1995/2005 Comparison -- 7.7 Direct Speech/Quotation Contexts: 1995/2005 Comparison -- 7.8 Overall Findings of the Study -- 7.9 How Can the 1995/2005 Differences be Explained? -- Further Reading -- 8 - Conclusion -- 8.1 Is Scottish Identity Changing? -- 8.2 The Changing Role of Scots Language in Post-Devolution Scotland -- 8.2.1 Political arena -- 8.2.2 Academe -- 8.2.3 Publishing -- 8.2.4 Press -- 8.2.5 The future for Scots language -- 8.3 Indigenous vs Interloper Newspapers - the Shifting Scottish Market -- 8.4 Tartan Editions -- 8.5 Newspapers in the Digital Age -- 8.6 Impact of Free Dailies -- 8.7 Devolution and the Scottish Press -- 8.8 The Future for Scottish Newspapers -- 8.9 A Salutary Lesson for Newspapers in Scotland? -- Glossary of Terms -- Bibliography -- Index.