Cover -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Abbreviations -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction: Does Culture Matter? -- The Cultural Approach -- Culture -- Outcomes of Culture -- Globalization -- The Framework of Analysis -- The Structure of the Book -- Conclusion -- PART I: CULTURE AND OUTCOMES -- Introduction -- 1 'Culture' and the Concepts of Culture -- Introduction -- The Early Meanings of Culture -- Connotations of Culture -- The Ambiguity of Culture -- New Cultural Theory -- Political Culture -- Gertz and Cultural Anthropology: A 'Cul de Sac'? -- Conclusion -- 2 What Culture Matters For: Outcomes -- Introduction -- Culture as an Explanatory Factor -- Macro-level Outcomes -- Dependent Variables and Control Variables -- Regional-level Outcomes: Why Does Different Party Support Vary in Different Regions? -- Micro-level Data: Individual Values -- Micro-level Outcomes -- Conclusion -- Appendix: Countries Included in our Analysis Based on Different Waves of WVS -- PART II: ETHNICITY -- Introduction -- 3 Ethnic Groups and Nations -- Introduction -- Ethnic Groups -- Two Types of Ethnic Groups -- Ethnogenesis -- Ethnic Cores and Nation-building -- Nation and Ethnic Group -- Nationality and Nationalism -- Beyond Nationalism -- Races -- Race: Socially Constructed with Immense Political Consequences -- Ethnicity and Society -- Conclusion -- 4 Outcomes of Ethnicity -- Introduction -- Grand-scale Ethnicity Worldwide -- Ethnic Cleavages and Ethnic Structure: Outcomes -- Ethnicity and Everyday Life -- Conclusion -- PART III: CIVILIZATIONS -- Introduction -- 5 Civilizations and the Major Types of Religion -- Introduction -- The World Religions -- Civilizations -- The Weber Approach -- Three World Religions: Alternative Classifications -- Weber's Theory of Religion -- Mapping the Major World Religions -- Conclusion.

6 Religion and its Outcomes -- Introduction -- Macro Outcomes: Weber Again -- Religious Fragmentation and Outcomes: Macro Level -- Religious Structure and Party Support -- The Role of Religion for People -- Conclusion -- PART IV: LEGACIES -- Introduction -- 7 Historical Legacies and the Colonial Heritage -- Introduction -- The Longitudinal Perspective -- The Iberian Legacy: The Negative Outcomes of a Spanish Culture -- The British Heritage -- Dividing the World According to Colonial Experience -- The Impact of Different Colonial Regimes -- Close and Distant Consequences -- Do Colonial Cultures Matter? -- Conclusion -- Appendix: Colonial Legacies in the Third World -- 8 Family Structure and Democracy -- Introduction -- The Different Family Cultures -- Behaviour and Values -- Classifying Family Cultures -- The Effects of Family Cultures -- Conclusion -- PART V: UNIVERSAL VALUES -- Introduction -- 9 Universal Values: Three Main Theories -- Introduction -- Value Orientations: Behaviour or Attitudes -- Postmaterialism Theory -- Trust Theory -- New Cultural Theory (NCT) -- The Consequences of Values: Macro or Micro? -- Conclusion -- 10 Value Orientations: How Real Are They? -- Introduction -- The Problem with Values and Value Research -- Value Inquiry -- The Relevance of Value Orientations -- Central Value Orientations -- Macro: The Spread of Universal Values -- The Micro and Macro Relationships Between Values -- Do Values Matter? -- Values Matter for What? -- The Transfer Mechanism: Election Channel and Policy-making -- The Macro-level Consequences of Values -- The Micro-level Consequences of Values -- Conclusion -- 11 Gender (Sex) as a Major Cultural Cleavage -- Introduction -- Value Orientations Towards Sex as a Cultural Cleavage -- Gender -- Homosexuality and Lesbianism -- Conclusion -- 12 Conclusion: The Impact of Culture on Outcomes -- Introduction.

The Findings -- Comparing the Impact of Cultural Factors -- How Much Does Culture Matter? -- Muticulturalism - Its Relevance Today -- Relevance of Multiculturalism -- Kymlicka: The Institutions of the Multicultural Society -- Barry: Moral Universalism Destroying Multiculturalism -- APPENDICES -- Appendix A: Macro Data Set: Variable List -- Appendix B: Regional Data Set: Variable List -- Appendix C: Micro Data Set: Variable List -- References -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Z.