Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Section 1 Introduction -- Chapter 1 Basic clinical approaches to diagnosis -- The history -- Mental status testing -- Psychiatric and behavioral observations -- The medical and neurological examination -- Laboratory testing and neuroimaging -- Summary -- Chapter 2 Dementia with Lewy bodies -- Introduction -- Epidemiology -- Clinical features -- Diagnostic criteria -- Fluctuations in attention -- Parkinsonism -- REM sleep-behavior disorder -- Autonomic function -- Sensitivity to medication and infection -- Neuropsychiatric findings -- Visual hallucinations -- Delusions -- Mood symptoms -- Neuropsychological findings -- Neuropathology -- Pathological criteria -- Overlap with Alzheimers disease -- The synergistic relationship between α-synuclein and beta-amyloid -- Neurotransmitters -- Structural and functional imaging studies -- Structural studies -- Functional imaging -- Genetics -- Treatment/management -- Anticholinesterase inhibitors -- Dopaminergic agents -- Neuroleptic sensitivity -- Future research -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 3 Neurogenetics of dementia -- Alzheimer's disease -- The amyloid hypothesis -- Apolipoprotein E -- Other genetic risk factors -- Frontotemporal dementias -- Parkinsonian syndromes -- Synucleinopathies -- Tauopathies -- Prion diseases -- Huntington's disease -- Future of neurogenetics -- References -- Chapter 4 Frontotemporal dementia -- Introduction -- A brief history of frontotemporal lobar degeneration -- Diagnosing frontotemporal lobar degeneration dementia -- Behavioral frontotemporal dementia -- Semantic dementia -- Progressive non-fluent aphasia -- Genetic findings in frontotemporal lobar degeneration -- Tau mutations -- Ubiquitin-TDP-43 genetic findings -- Pathological findings in frontotemporal lobar degeneration.

Gross anatomical changes -- Microscopic findings -- Diagnosing frontotemporal lobar degeneration using neuroimaging -- Treatment and therapy -- Future directions -- References -- Chapter 5 Alzheimer's disease -- Introduction -- Epidemiology -- Risk modifiers -- Genetic factors -- Pathology -- Neuropathological diagnosis -- Clinical diagnosis -- History and neurological examination -- Neuropsychological testing -- Laboratory evaluation -- Neuroimaging -- Treatment -- Symptomatic treatment -- Investigational treatments -- Future directions -- References -- Chapter 6 Mental status examination -- Introduction -- Cognitive mental status examination -- Memory -- Executive functions -- Working memory -- Mental flexibility -- Inhibition -- Fluency -- Abstract reasoning -- Language -- Visuospatial abilities -- Psychiatric symptoms -- Functional status -- Suggested mental status examination -- Differential diagnosis -- Alzheimers disease -- Frontotemporal lobar degeneration -- Semantic dementia -- Dementia with Lewy bodies -- Progressive supranuclear palsy -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 7 Neuropsychiatric features of dementia -- Introduction -- Assessment -- Behavioral syndromes -- Aggression -- Depression -- Apathy -- Motor hyperactivity -- Psychosis -- Other symptoms -- Neuropsychiatric profiles of specific dementia syndromes -- Alzheimer's disease -- Vascular dementia -- Frontotemporal lobar degeneration -- Dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinsons disease with dementia -- Progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration -- Treatment -- Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 8 Neuroimaging in dementia -- Introduction -- Regional changes in basic metabolism and structure -- Glucose metabolism and brain perfusion -- Positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography.

Regional cerebral perfusion measured with magnetic resonance and computed tomography -- Regional tissue content/atrophy -- Regional tissue content with computed tomography -- Regional tissue content with magnetic resonance imaging -- Alternative structural analyses -- Diffusion-weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging -- Alternative metabolic and functional approaches -- Magnetic resonance spectroscopy -- Iron-dependent T2-weighted contrast with magnetic resonance -- Functional activation using magnetic resonance imaging -- Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging -- Imaging of neurotransmitter systems with positron emission tomography -- Amyloid imaging with positron emission tomography -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 9 Epidemiology and risk factors -- Introduction -- The impending public health crisis of dementia -- Prevalence -- Incidence -- Costs -- The potential for prevention -- Risk factors for dementia -- Gender -- Race/ethnicity -- Education -- Cardiovascular factors -- Diabetes mellitus -- Hypertension -- Homocysteine -- Multiple cardiovascular risk factors -- Radiologically identifiable risk factors -- Behavioral/lifestyle factors -- Mental activity -- Physical activity -- Alcohol -- Smoking -- Dietary factors -- Psychosocial factors -- Depression -- Social engagement -- Other factors -- Head trauma -- Medications for prevention -- Antihypertensive medications -- Statins -- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs -- Hormone therapy -- Vitamin E -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 10 Animal models of dementia -- Vertebrate models -- Mouse models of Alzheimer's disease -- Human amyloid precursor protein models -- Presenilin models -- Apolipoprotein E models -- Combination models -- Mouse models of frontotemporal dementia -- Invertebrate models.

Advantages and limitations of using invertebrates to study neurodegenerative disease -- Invertebrate models of Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia -- The therapeutic potential of invertebrate model systems -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 11 Neuropathology of dementia -- Introduction -- Selective vulnerability -- The dementias -- Alzheimer's disease -- Frontotemporal lobar degeneration -- The dementia-movement disorder tauopathies: corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy -- The dementia-movement disorder synucleinopathies -- Dementia with Lewy bodies -- Multiple system atrophy -- Huntington's disease -- Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Section 2 Cognitive impairment, not demented -- Chapter 12 Cerebrovascular contributions to amnestic mild cognitive impairment -- Introduction -- Human memory systems: a brief review -- Hippocampal injury in Alzheimer's disease -- Cerebrovascular disease and cognition -- The spectrum of vascular brain changes -- Impact of cerebrovascular risk factors on cognition in community-dwelling normal individuals -- Evidence for vascular amnestic mild cognitive impairment -- White matter hyperintensities and dorsolateral prefrontal activation -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 13 Mild cognitive impairment -- Introduction -- Historical context -- Epidemiological data on mild cognitive impairment -- Clinical characterization and outcomes -- Diagnostic criteria and diagnosis -- Outcomes -- Predictors of progression -- Clinical severity -- Magnetic resonance imaging volumetric studies -- Apolipoprotein E genotype -- Biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma -- Positron emission tomography with [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose -- Positron emission tomography with ligand binding -- Neuropathological correlates -- Clinical trial data in mild cognitive impairment.

Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study Donepezil and Vitamin E Trials -- Galantamine -- Rivastigmine -- Rofecoxib -- Trials summary -- Application to clinical practice -- How should patients with mild cognitive impairment be counseled? -- Future directions -- References -- Chapter 14 Mild cognitive impairment subgroups -- Introduction -- Conceptualization of mild cognitive impairment -- Conceptualization of mild cognitive impairment subgroups -- Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (single domain) -- Non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment (single domain) -- Dysexecutive -- Visuospatial -- Language -- Mild cognitive impairment multiple cognitive domain -- Neuroimaging of subgroups in mild cognitive impairment -- Clinical outcome for subgroups in mild cognitive impairment -- Conversion to dementia -- Mortality -- Neuropathology -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 15 Early clinical features of the parkinsonian-related dementias -- Introduction -- Lewy body disease: dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease with dementia -- Diagnostic criteria for dementia with Lewy bodies -- Typical clinical features of dementia with Lewy bodies -- Cognitive/neuropsychological features -- Behavioral/neuropsychiatric features -- Motor/extrapyramidal features -- Sleep disorders -- Autonomic features -- Sensory features -- Other features -- Diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease with dementia -- Typical clinical features of Parkinson's disease with dementia -- Cognitive/neuropsychological features -- Behavioral/neuropsychiatric features -- Motor/extrapyramidal features -- Sleep disorders -- Autonomic features -- Sensory features -- Other features -- Known or suspected early clinical features in Lewy body disease -- Cognitive/neuropsychological features -- Behavioral/neuropsychiatric features -- Motor/extrapyramidal features.

Sleep disorders.