Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Human origins, natural selection and the evolution of ethics -- Modern science, ethics and evolving bioscience ethics -- The hunter-gatherer Homo sapiens -- Ethics - our evolutionary heritage -- Neuroethics - unravelling the neural basis of moral judgement -- Evolving bioscience-bioethics -- Principles of bioscience ethics for discussion -- 2 Sex determination, brain sex and sexual behaviour -- Sex determination -- Chromosomal sex -- Gonadal sex -- Phenotypic sex -- Errors of sexual differentiation -- Brain sex determination -- The socialization of human sexuality -- Sexual orientation -- Transgender and gender recognition -- Principles of bioscience ethics for discussion -- 3 Inappropriate lifestyle and congenital disability in children: basic principles of growth, toxicology, teratogenesis and mutagenesis -- Patterns of human growth -- The embryonic/fetal periods and embryo staging -- The placenta as the maternal-fetal interface -- Abnormal prenatal growth patterns, fetal programming and long-term health consequences -- Toxicology: basic principles -- Teratogenesis, mutagenesis and carcinogenesis -- Principles of bioscience ethics for discussion -- 4 Substance abuse and parenthood: biological mechanisms - bioethical responsibilities -- Introductory background -- Behavioural variables - biological consequences -- The preconceptional period: male-mediated effects -- Specifics -- The preconceptional period: female-mediated effects -- Drug-induced infertility -- The prenatal and neonatal periods -- Nicotine -- Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) -- Passive smoking -- Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) -- Ethanol (alcohol) -- Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) -- Cocaine -- Marijuana -- Narcotics -- Caffeine.

Behavioural variables - bioethical challenges -- Socioeconomic factors -- An ecologically based model of preventative care - government and citizens in equal partnership -- The emotional brain and the biology of addiction -- Principles of bioscience ethics for discussion -- 5 Fertility awareness: the ovulatory method of birth control, ageing gametes and congenital malformation in children -- The laws of inheritance -- Human fecundity -- Female libido: procreational versus recreational sex -- Principles of reproductive ageing -- Ageing gametes and ovulatory method of birth control -- The gametopathy hypothesis and congenital anomalies -- Principles of bioscience ethics for discussion -- 6 Understanding child abuse and its biological consequences -- Adaptation of the newborn to extrauterine life -- Bonding and social relations -- Unwanted birth and crime -- Post-traumatic stress disorder or the physical signature of unresolved trauma -- The biology of behaviour and cognition -- Stress and psychosocial short stature -- Future prospects -- Principles of bioscience ethics for discussion -- 7 The state of wellbeing: basic principles, coping strategies and individual mastery -- The link between population density and reproduction -- Stress - the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), allostasis and disease -- Adaptive strategies -- Principles of bioscience ethics for discussion -- 8 The state of wellbeing: on the end-of-life care and euthanasia -- Life's balance sheet -- End-of-life care, advanced directives and 'do not resuscitate' orders -- Euthanasia, an evolving concept -- Principles of bioscience ethics for discussion -- 9 Current reproductive technologies: achievements and desired goals -- Lifestyle, fertility and the Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs) -- Fertility control - the evolutionary perspective.

Infertility - the price of excess fecundity -- Assisted reproduction: social considerations -- Assisted reproduction: technological considerations -- Artificial insemination -- In vitro fertilization and related technologies -- Intracytoplasmic sperm injection and cytoplasmic transfer technologies -- Maturing human eggs in the laboratory -- Epigenetics, imprinting and assisted reproduction -- Surrogacy -- Assisted reproduction, genetic diversity and the biology of conservation -- Inbreeding depression -- The role of ART in conservation -- Principles of bioscience ethics for discussion -- 10 The recombinant DNA technologies -- Genetic engineering and related technologies - biological perspective -- Gene therapy -- Prenatal genetic screening and diagnosis -- Preimplantation genetic screening and diagnosis -- Neonatal genetic screening and diagnosis -- Presymptomatic screening for individuals and populations -- The use of genetic technology for social purposes -- The Human Genome and the Human Genome Diversity Projects -- Access to the ownership of genomes -- Principles of bioscience ethics for discussion -- 11 Stem cells, nuclear transfer and cloning technology -- What is a clone? -- Reproductive cloning: basic principles -- Embryonic stem cell (aka therapeutic or biomedical) cloning -- Adult stem cell alternatives -- Reproductive cloning: ethical considerations -- Principles of bioscience ethics for discussion -- 12 Human-dominated ecosystems: re-evaluating environmental priorities -- Population growth and economic activity - are we overstraining our limits? -- Extinction and conservation of biodiversity -- Genetic diversity and environmental adaptability -- Human-driven climate change -- Stress and adaptation -- Living within Nature's constraints.

Understanding living cycles and anticipating environmental policies rather than relying on remedial measures -- Fundamental symbiosis: the biogeochemical or nutrient cycle -- Losing the food race -- Deep design: the synthesis of Nature and culture -- Principles of bioscience ethics for discussion -- 13 Human-dominated ecosystems: reclaiming the future for following generations -- Self-destructive behaviour and overexploitation of the environment -- The tragedy of the commons -- Chemical exposure, sex determination and sexual behaviour -- The endocrine system: an overview -- Epigenetic transgenerational actions of synthetic endocrine disruptors -- Wildlife and laboratory findings -- Human findings and the precautionary principle -- Principles of bioscience ethics for discussion -- 14 Human-dominated ecosystems: warfare = fitness enhancement or losing strategy? -- The institution of war -- The tragedy of conflict -- Biological warfare -- Computer technology, cyber-electronics and virtual warfare -- The legacy of war on future generations -- Child soldiers -- Principles of bioscience ethics for discussion -- 15 Human-dominated ecosystems: reworking bioethical frontiers -- Global responsibility - a transboundary détente to developmental needs and environmental preservation -- The power of the collective - endorsing multiple-entry bookkeeping -- The power of the individual -- Stewardship of Mother Earth - in defence of the global commons -- Gaia - Earth's evolving physiology -- Gaia's three principles -- The first principle is to keep conditions constant for the maintenance of all life -- The second principle is that Gaia has vital organs -- The third principle is that Gaian responses to change are governed by the rules of cybernetics -- Living within Nature's bounty -- Principles of bioscience ethics for discussion -- Further reading.

Chapter 1: Human origins, natural selection and the evolution of ethics -- Chapter 2: Sex determination, brain sex and sexual behaviour -- Chapter 3: Inappropriate lifestyle and congenital disability in children: basic principles of growth, toxicology, teratogenesis and mutagenesis -- Chapter 4: Substance abuse and parenthood: biological mechanisms - bioethical responsibilities -- Chapter 5: Fertility awareness: the ovulatory method of birth control, ageing gametes and congenital malformation in children -- Chapter 6: Understanding child abuse and its biological consequences -- Chapter 7: The state of wellbeing: basic principles, coping strategies and individual mastery -- Chapter 8: The state of wellbeing: on the end-of-life care and euthanasia -- Chapter 9: Current reproductive technologies: achievements and desired goals -- Chapter 10: The recombinant DNA technologies -- Chapter 11: Stem cells, nuclear transfer and cloning technology -- Chapter 12: Human-dominated ecosystems: re-evaluating environmental priorities -- Chapter 13: Human-dominated ecosystems: reclaiming the future for following generations -- Chapter 14: Human-dominated ecosystems: warfare ¼ fitness enhancement or losing strategy? -- Chapter 15: Human-dominated ecosystems: reworking bioethical frontiers -- Index.