Contents -- Contributors -- Foreword -- PART I: GENERAL ISSUES IN REFRACTORY CASES -- 1 The Challenge of Difficult Cases -- Empirically Supported Treatments Versus Empirically Supported Practice -- Scope of This Volume -- 2 Adjustments in Treatment for Limited or Nonresponding Cases in Contemporary Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy With Youth -- Step 1: Assessment of Symptoms and Reflection on Treatment Course -- Step 2: Evaluation of Youth and Family Engagement -- Step 3: Evaluation of Treatment Integrity -- Step 4: Evaluation of Case Formulation -- Step 5: Interference-"The Real World" -- Conclusions -- 3 Adjustments in Treatment for Limited or Nonresponding Adolescents in Contemporary CBT -- Defining Treatment Response -- The Scope of the Problem: Examining Rates of Nonresponse -- Adolescents as Nonresponders -- Predictors of Nonresponse in Adolescents -- Family-Level Predictors of Treatment Outcome -- Therapeutic Process and Treatment Response -- Strategies for Intervening With Treatment-Resistant Mental Illness -- Assessing the Treatment Trial -- Summary -- PART II: INTERNALIZING DISORDERS -- 4 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Children and Adolescents: Treating Difficult Cases -- Etiology -- Treatment-Interfering Factors -- Case Presentation -- Summary and Future Directions -- 5 Separation Anxiety Disorder -- Effective Treatments -- Factors Associated With Poor Response to CBT -- Case Presentation -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- 6 Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Refractory Selective Mutism -- Etiology, Phenomenology, and Prevalence Rates -- Age of Onset, Course, and Outcomes -- Treatment for Selective Mutism -- Behavioral Treatments -- Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments -- Treatment Challenges -- Pretreatment Considerations -- Case Presentation -- Diagnostic Profile -- Pretreatment Goals and Functional Assessment.

Cognitive-Behavioral Formulation and Treatment -- Psychoeducation -- Cognitive-Behavioral Skills Training and Parent/Teacher Coaching -- Systematic Desensitization With Relaxation Training -- Cognitive Strategies -- Shaping and Contingency Management -- Stimulus Fading and Graded Exposure -- End-of-Academic-Year Case Summary -- Relapse-Prevention Planning -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- 7 Specific Phobias -- Phenomenology -- Epidemiology and Etiology -- Effective Treatments for Specific Phobia in Children and Adolescents -- Evidence-Based Treatments -- Factors That Lead to Poor Treatment Response -- Case Presentation -- Assessment -- Case Conceptualization -- Treatment -- Summary -- 8 Children's Refractory Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: An Ecological, Evidence-Based Perspective -- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Youth -- Theoretical Argument for and Description of Trauma-Specific Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy -- Efficacy of Trauma-Specific Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy -- Factors Related to Treatment Outcome -- Case Presentation -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- 9 Better But Not Well: Strategies for Difficult-to-Treat Youth Depression -- Effective Treatments for Youth Depression -- Assessment of Treatment Response in Clinical Research -- Assessment and Treatment of Depression in Clinical Practice -- Case Presentation -- Conclusions -- 10 Cognitive-Behavior Therapy for Eating Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence -- Symptoms -- Age of Onset and Prevalence in Adolescents -- Etiology and Cognitive-Behavioral Models of the Development of Eating Disorders -- Adaptation of CBT for Adolescents With Eating Disorders: Adolescent Development and the Role of the Family -- What Is Known About CBT for Anorexia Nervosa? -- Case Presentation-Treatment of Anorexia with CBT -- Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa.

Case Presentation-Treatment of Adolescent BN With CBT -- Summary -- 11 Assessment and Treatment of Child and Adolescent Sleep Disorders -- Pediatric Sleep Disorders -- Assessment -- Treatment -- Case Presentation -- Future Directions -- PART III: EXTERNALIZING DISORDERS -- 12 Adjunctive Cognitive-Behavior Therapy for Pediatric Bipolar Disorder -- Limited Empirically Supported Treatments Available for Pediatric Bipolar Disorder -- Factors Associated With Poor Treatment Response -- Cognitive-Behavior Therapy Treatment Manual for Bipolar Youth -- Phase I: Psychoeducation and Goal Setting -- Phase II: Basic Skill Acquisition -- Phase III: Advanced Skills -- Phase IV: Combining Skills to Address Common Problems-Optional Modules -- Phase V: Wrap-Up, Relapse Prevention, and Maintenance -- Case Presentation -- Future Directions -- 13 Oppositional Defiant and Conduct Disorders -- Primary Symptoms and Diagnostic Criteria -- Oppositional Defiant Disorder -- Conduct Disorder -- Characteristics of Disruptive Behavior Problems -- Risk and Causal Factors -- Effective Treatment for Conduct Problems -- Factors Associated With Poor Treatment Response -- Case Presentation -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- 14 Treatment of Refractory Cases of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children -- ADHD: Diagnosis, Prevalence, and Associated Impairments -- Empirically Supported Treatments for ADHD -- Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments for ADHD -- Predictors of Poor Treatment Response -- Case Presentation -- Conclusions -- 15 The Challenges of Working With Young People Diagnosed With Asperger Syndrome -- Managing Anxiety -- Program Outline -- Barriers to Treatment -- Improving Children's Social Functioning -- Case Presentation -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- 16 Nocturnal Enuresis and Encopresis: Empirically Supported Approaches for Refractory Cases.

Introduction to Enuresis -- Treatment of Enuresis -- Refractory Responses to Treatment of Pediatric Nocturnal Enuresis With the Moisture Alarm -- Introduction to Encopresis -- Refractory Responses to the Treatment of Pediatric Encopresis -- Case Presentation -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- 17 Cognitive-Behavior Therapy for Children and Adolescents With Difficult-to-Treat Substance-Use Disorders -- Detection of Substance-Use Disorders in Pediatric Patients -- Prevalence of Substance-Use Disorders Among Children and Adolescents -- Factors Associated With Development of Substance-Use Disorders -- Course of the Substance-Use Disorders -- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Children and Adolescents With Substance-Use Disorders -- Factors Associated With Poor Treatment Response -- Adjunctive Treatments to Improve Treatment Retention and Outcome -- CBT for Difficult-to-Treat Cases -- Case Presentation -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- 18 Treatment of Disorders Related to Feeding in Pediatric Populations -- Pediatric Obesity -- Pediatric Feeding Disorders -- Case Presentations -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- 19 Tourette's Syndrome -- Prevalence and Demographics -- Age of Onset and Course -- Functional Impairment -- Etiology -- Comorbidity -- Assessment and Differential Diagnosis -- Treatment -- Factors Related to Poor Response to HRT -- Case Presentation -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- 20 Charting a Course for the Future: Empirically Supported Procedures, Translational Approaches, and Models for Complex Cases -- Tailoring Treatment to the Individual -- Translational Research -- Dissemination -- Conclusion -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W.