Titlepage -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Introduction -- 1 A Third Language at Primary Level in Ireland: An Independent Evaluation of the Modern Languages in Primary Schools Initiative -- 2 Can Today's Early Language Learners in England Become Tomorrow's Plurilingual European Citizens? -- 3 Young Learners of Croatian as a Second Language: Minority Language Speakers and Their Croatian Competence -- 4 Young Learners' Cognitive Skills and Their Role in Foreign Language Vocabulary Learning -- 5 An Investigation into the Relationship of L2 Motivation and Cross-cultural Contact Among Elementary School Students -- 6 Impact of Learning Conditions on Young FL Learners' Motivation -- 7 Early Modern Foreign Language Programmes and Outcomes: Factors Contributing to Hungarian Learners' Proficiency -- 8 Using the Early Years Literacy Programme in Primary EFL Norwegian Classrooms -- 9 The Age Factor and L2 Reading Strategies -- 10 A Study of FL Composing Process and Writing Strategies Employed by Young Learners -- 11 How do 9-11-Year-Old Croatians Perceive Sounds and Read Aloud in French? -- 12 Differences Between the Processes and Outcomes in Third Graders' Learning of English and Ukrainian in Hungarian Schools in Beregszasz -- 13 The Growth of Young Learners' English Vocabulary Size -- 14 Factors Influencing Young Learners' Vocabulary Acquisition -- 15 An Eye on Target Language Use in Elementary English Classrooms in China -- 16 What Primary School Pupils Think About Learning English as a Foreign Language.