Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- DEMOCRACY AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY -- THE NEW CONTROVERSY -- A VARIETY OF PERSPECTIVES -- A MORAL IMPERATIVE? -- 1 The Morality of Exporting Democracy: A Historical-Philosophical Perspective -- THE TRADITIONAL SOURCES OF DOUBT CONCERNING THE JUSTICE OF EXPORTING DEMOCRACY -- THE "JUST DISCOURSE" AND THE "LAW OF NATIONS" -- A NEW KIND OF DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC -- THE MODERN DOUBTS, AND THE CHALLENGE FROM THE RADICAL LEFT -- THE KANTIAN COSMOPOLITAN RESPONSE -- CONCLUSION -- STRUCTURAL PRECONDITIONS -- 2 Re-Integrating the Study of Civil Society and the State -- THE GERMAN AND ITALIAN CASES -- The German Case -- The Italian Case -- ISLAMISM -- CONCLUSIONS -- 3 Encountering Culture -- CONCEPTUALIZING CULTURE -- ASSESSING CULTURAL DISPOSITION TOWARD DEMOCRACY -- Tolerance -- Spirit of Equality -- ASSESSING CULTURAL DISPOSITION TOWARD EXTERNAL DEMOCRACY PROMOTION -- Nationalism, Prickly and Smooth -- Nationalism and the Democracy-Promoters -- Assessing the Quality of Nationalism -- CULTURE AND EXTERNAL DEMOCRACY PROMOTION: OVERALL ASSESSMENT AND PRESCRIPTIONS -- A General Assessment -- Prescriptions -- 4 Does Democracy Work in Deeply Divided Societies? -- THE PROBLEM OF DIVIDED BUT STRONG COMMUNAL, CULTURALLY BASED IDENTITIES -- WHEN DEMOCRATIC ELECTIONS EXACERBATE COMMUNAL CONFLICTS -- MAKING DEMOCRACY: SOME DISCOURAGING HISTORICAL PRECEDENTS -- WHEN DEMOCRATIC ELECTIONS EASE COMMUNAL CONFLICTS -- PEACEFUL AND LESS PEACEFUL STRATEGIES FOR INCORPORATING MINORITIES -- HOW TO PROMOTE TOLERANT DEMOCRACY -- 5 Democracy, Civil Society, and the Problem of Tolerance -- INTRODUCTION -- A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE IDEA OF CIVIL SOCIETY -- THE PROBLEM OF DIFFERENCE AND DEMOCRATIC REGIMES -- CONSTITUTIVE DIFFERENCE AND TOLERANCE -- CONCLUSION.

INSTITUTIONS AND PROCESSES -- 6 Electoral Engineering in New Democracies: Can Preferred Electoral Outcomes Be Engineered? -- I. DEFINING ELECTORAL ENGINEERING -- Electoral Systems -- Secondary Election Rules -- Election Timing -- International Influence -- II. THE GOALS OF ELECTORAL ENGINEERING: MINIMIZING THE RISKS WHILE MAINTAINING THE BENEFITS OF COMPETITIVE ELECTIONS -- Elections as a Mechanism of Authoritarian Control -- Undemocratic Winners -- ELECTIONS AND ETHNIC CONFLICT -- Exclusion: Women and Ethnic Minorities -- Dysfunctional or Unstable Party Systems -- III. ELECTORAL ENGINEERING: PROSPECTS AND LIMITATIONS -- Electoral Engineering and Undesirable Winners -- Election Monitoring, Foreign Aid, and Electoral Manipulation -- Electoral Systems and Ethnic Conflict -- Electoral Systems and Descriptive Representation -- Electoral Systems and the Party System -- IV. NAVIGATING COMPETING GOALS -- CONCLUSIONS -- 7 Does It Matter How a Constitution Is Created? -- CONSTITUTIONAL MOMENTS -- IDEALS AND PROCESSES -- Democracy -- Temperance -- Durability -- HYPOTHESES -- EMPIRICAL CHALLENGES -- DATA -- MEASURES OF INCLUSIVENESS -- MEASURES OF CONSTITUTIONAL PERFORMANCE -- Democracy -- Constraints on Government Authority -- Durability -- Descriptive Statistics -- PATTERNS IN THE DATA -- CONCLUSION -- 8 Building Democratic Armies -- WHAT DOES A DEMOCRATIC ARMY LOOK LIKE? -- Conscripts or Volunteers? -- Ethno-Religious Divisions -- Gender and Sexual Identity -- The Military as Social Laboratory -- MILITARY PREROGATIVES -- CIVILIAN OVERSIGHT -- EXPLAINING MILITARY POLITICS IN DIVERSE CONTEXTS -- CRAFTING CIVILIAN CONTROL OVER THE POST-PRAETORIAN MILITARY -- Classificatory Schemes, Borrowed Theories, Miscellaneous Insights -- COMPARING CASES OF DEMOCRATIC ARMY-BUILDING -- Post-Praetorian Polities -- AFTER COMMUNISM -- CONCLUSION.

9 Democratization, Conflict, and Trade -- DEMOCRATIZATION AND WAR -- THE DANGERS OF INCOMPLETE DEMOCRATIZATION -- DEMOCRATIZATION AND WAR IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE -- DEMOCRATIZATION AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE -- DEMOCRATIZATION AND TRADE IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE -- CONCLUSION -- 10 Exporting Democracy: Does It Work? -- PRIOR RESEARCH: WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED? -- U.S. FOREIGN DEMOCRACY ASSISTANCE: HOW MUCH? -- DEMOCRACY ASSISTANCE: WHAT IMPACT? -- Estimation -- Results -- CONCLUSIONS -- Conclusion: Is Democracy Exportable? -- DEMOCRACY AS AN EXPORT -- DEMOCRACY AS AN IDEA -- POPULAR VIEWS OF DEMOCRACY -- DEMOCRACY - INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND GOVERNMENT AGENCIES -- CAUSE FOR CAUTION -- DEMOCRACY ASSISTANCE -- WHO? -- WHAT TO DO? -- WHAT TO AVOID -- Bibliography -- Index.