Psychosis, Trauma and Dissociation -- Contents -- Foreword -- List of contributors -- Introduction -- PART 1 Connecting trauma and dissociation to psychosis: Historical and theoretical perspectives -- 1 Historical conceptions of dissociation and psychosis: Nineteenth and early twentieth century perspectives on severe psychopathology -- 1.1 Dissociation: Mesmerism, multiple personalities and hysteria -- 1.2 Psychosis: Insanity, dementia praecox and schizophrenia -- 1.3 Dissociation, psychosis and schizophrenia: The merging of constructs -- 1.4 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Hysterical psychosis: A historical review and empirical evaluation -- 2.1 Early literature on hysterical psychosis -- 2.2 Hysterical psychosis in Pierre Janet's dissociation theory -- 2.3 The decline of hysteria -- 2.4 The return of the diagnosis of hysterical psychosis -- 2.5 Systematic and empirical studies -- 2.6 Hysterical psychosis and reactive psychosis -- 2.7 Integration and concluding remarks -- References -- 3 Association and dissociation in the historical concept of schizophrenia -- 3.1 The birth of schizophrenia -- 3.2 Splitting, dissociation and the unconscious -- 3.3 Complexes and fixed ideas -- 3.4 Loosening of associations -- 3.5 Summary and conclusions -- References -- 4 Ego-fragmentation in schizophrenia: A severe dissociation of self-experience -- 4.1 Schizophrenic syndromes as self-disorders -- 4.2 The construct of ego-pathology -- 4.3 Clinical elaboration of ego-pathology -- 4.4 Empirical assessment of ego-pathology -- 4.5 Ego-fragmentation, association and the dissociation model -- 4.6 Dissociative mechanisms: What and where? -- 4.7 The continuum of dissociative mechanisms: The spectrum of dissociation -- References -- 5 Delusional atmosphere, the psychotic prodrome and decontextualized memories -- 5.1 Multiple memory systems and the hippocampus.

5.2 Phobias, panic attacks and post-traumatic stress disorder -- 5.3 A summary of relevant research findings in schizophrenia -- 5.4 The psychotic prodrome -- 5.5 Delusional atmosphere, the psychotic prodrome and decontextualized memories -- 5.6 Freud's 'The Uncanny' (1919) -- 5.7 Summary and conclusion -- References -- 6 The complex overlap between dissociation and schizotypy -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Overlap between measures of dissociation and schizotypy -- 6.3 Why dissociation and schizotypy overlap -- 6.4 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Pierre Janet on hallucinations, paranoia and schizophrenia -- 7.1 Historical overview -- 7.2 Important Janetian concepts -- 7.3 Schizophrenia -- 7.4 Paranoia -- 7.5 Hallucinations -- References -- 8 From hysteria to chronic relational trauma disorder: The history of borderline personality disorder and its links with dissociation and psychosis -- 8.1 Historical overview -- 8.2 Theoretical analysis -- 8.3 Summary -- References -- 9 An attachment perspective on schizophrenia: The role of disorganized attachment, dissociation and mentalization -- 9.1 Attachment disorganization and dissociation -- 9.2 Trauma and loss in the lives of primary caregivers of psychiatric patients -- 9.3 Dissociation, schizotypy and psychotic experiences -- 9.4 Metacognition and mentalization deficits -- 9.5 Summary and theoretical integration -- 9.6 Concluding remarks -- References -- PART 2 Comparing psychotic and dissociative disorders: Research and clinical perspectives -- 10 Childhood trauma in psychotic and dissociative disorders -- 10.1 Childhood trauma in patients with psychotic disorders -- 10.2 Childhood trauma in patients with dissociative disorders -- 10.3 The relationship between dissociation and psychosis -- References -- 11 Dissociative symptoms in schizophrenia.

11.1 Empirical studies on dissociation in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia -- 11.2 Dissociation and psychosis - what is the relationship? -- 11.3 Conclusion -- References -- 12 Psychotic symptoms in complex dissociative disorders -- 12.1 Hallucinations -- 12.2 Grossly disorganized behaviour -- 12.3 Impairment in reality-testing: Trance-logic or psychotic breakdown? -- 12.4 Conditions mimicking formal thought disorder -- 12.5 Schneiderian symptoms: Are they nonspecific? -- 12.6 Psychopathogenesis of psychotic symptoms in dissociative disorders -- 12.7 An interaction (duality) model -- 12.8 Conclusions and recommendations for future research -- References -- 13 Advances in assessment: The differential diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder and schizophrenia -- 13.1 Dissociative identity disorder and schizophrenia: Overlapping and diagnostically distinct symptoms -- 13.2 Distinguishing between schizophrenia and dissociative identity disorder: Assessment of dissociation -- 13.3 Clinical implications -- References -- 14 Cognitive perspectives on dissociation and psychosis: Differences in the processing of threat? -- 14.1 Trauma and threat in dissociative and psychotic individuals -- 14.2 Attention and working memory -- 14.3 Conclusion -- References -- 15 Depersonalization disorder and schizotypal personality disorder -- 15.1 Phenomenology of depersonalization and schizotypy -- 15.2 Neurocognitive profiles of depersonalization and schizotypy -- 15.3 Neurobiology of depersonalization and schizotypy -- 15.4 Clinical vignettes -- 15.5 Conclusion -- References -- 16 Contributions of traumatic stress studies to the neurobiology of dissociation and dissociative disorders: Implications for schizophrenia -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Differentiation of abnormal thought processes in dissociative disorders and schizophrenia - vignettes.

16.3 Schizophrenia research: From psychosocial events to traumatic stress -- 16.4 Effects of traumatic stress on psychobiological systems -- 16.5 Pharmacologically induced dissociation -- 16.6 Neurotransmitters in dissociation and psychosis -- 16.7 Different neural circuits in schizophrenia and dissociative disorders -- 16.8 Heterogeneity of trauma response: Neural circuits in dissociative disorders and other trauma-related disorders -- 16.9 Vulnerable phenotypes -- 16.10Concluding remarks -- References -- 17 Treating dissociative and psychotic disorders psychodynamically -- 17.1 Historical background -- 17.2 Clinical vignettes -- 17.3 Treating dissociative states -- 17.4 The role of trauma in creating psychopathology -- 17.5 Conclusion -- References -- PART 3 Assessing and treating hybrid and boundary conditions: Clinical and existential perspectives -- 18 Dissociative psychosis: Clinical and theoretical aspects -- 18.1 Dissociative psychosis and Pierre Janet's dissociation theory -- 18.2 Dissociative psychosis and the theory of structural dissociation of personality -- 18.3 Discussion and conclusion -- References -- 19 Trauma-based dissociative hallucinosis: Diagnosis and treatment -- 19.1 Psychotic symptoms in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD -- 19.2 Hallucinations in children and adolescents -- 19.3 Clinical vignettes -- 19.4 Dissociative hallucinosis -- 19.5 The treatment of dissociative hallucinosis -- 19.6 Conclusion -- References -- 20 Dissociative schizophrenia -- 20.1 A dissociative structural model of the psyche -- 20.2 The dissociative subtype of schizophrenia -- 20.3 A clinical case example of dissociative schizophrenia -- 20.4 Research data supporting the existence of dissociative schizophrenia -- 20.5 Research and clinical implications of dissociative schizophrenia -- References.

21 The role of double binds, reality-testing and chronic relational trauma in the genesis and treatment of borderline personality disorder -- 21.1 The effects of relational trauma on reality-testing -- 21.2 Caregiver pathology, double binds, disorganized attachment and dissociated self-states -- 21.3 Treating the effects of dissociative, psychotic or sociopathic caregivers on reality-testing -- 21.4 Conclusion: Borderline psychotic traits stemming from relational trauma require relational treatment -- References -- 22 Pharmacotherapy in the collaborative treatment of trauma-induced dissociation and psychosis -- 22.1 A brief overview of psychopharmacologic philosophy -- 22.2 The complex presentation of people who dissociate -- 22.3 Overview of a 'good enough' medical approach to the treatment of dissociative/psychotic phenomena -- 22.4 Some specific recommendations for the use of psychotropic medications in the treatment of persons with dissociative symptoms -- 22.5 Summary -- References -- 23 Accepting and working with voices: The Maastricht approach -- 23.1 The history of the Maastricht approach and of the hearing voices movement -- 23.2 Relevant research findings -- 23.3 Assessment: The Maastricht hearing voices interview -- 23.4 Formulation: Making the construct/breaking the code -- 23.5 Case vignette: Maureen -- 23.6 Making a treatment plan -- 23.7 Talking with the voices -- 23.8 Recovery -- 23.9 Summary -- References -- 24 Dissociation, psychosis and spirituality: Whose voices are we hearing? -- 24.1 A cosmic battle: Patte's story -- 24.2 Maori perspectives -- 24.3 Shamanic crisis -- 24.4 A cosmic battle - Part 2 -- 24.5 The subjugation of other cultural perspectives -- 24.6 Dissociation and psychosis as states of consciousness -- 24.7 A cosmic battle - Part 3 -- 24.8 From victim to victor - a new model -- 24.9 Conclusion -- References -- Index.