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Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Asia.
Title:
Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Asia.
Author:
Anderson, Kym.
ISBN:
9780821376638
Personal Author:
Physical Description:
1 online resource (664 pages)
Contents:
Cover -- Title Page -- Contents -- Dedication -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Contributors -- Abbreviations -- PART 1 Introduction -- 1 Introduction and Summary -- Introduction -- Growth and Structural Change -- Methodology for Measuring Rates of Assistance or Taxation -- Estimates of Asian Policy Indicators -- NRAs in agriculture -- Assistance to nonfarm sectors and RRAs -- Comparisons with other regions -- The CTEs of agricultural policies -- The role of agricultural policies in stabilizing domestic prices -- Summary: what have we learned? -- Where To from Here? -- Notes -- References -- PART 2 Northeast Asia -- 2 Republic of Korea and Taiwan, China -- Introduction -- Economic Development and Structural Change -- An historical perspective -- Economic growth and structural transformation -- Changes in the structures of agriculture -- The Evolution of Agricultural Policy -- Korea -- Taiwan, China -- The Measurement of Distortions to Agricultural Incentives -- Sources of Growth in Agricultural Protection -- Concluding Remarks -- Notes -- References -- 3 China -- Introduction -- Growth and Structural Change in Agriculture since 1949 -- The socialist era, 1949-78 -- Performance during the socialist era -- Socialist policies and institutions -- Summary: socialist agriculture was a policy-driven disaster -- Performance during the transition era, post-1978 -- Moving off the farm -- Agricultural trade liberalization -- The production and marketing environment -- Productivity trends and rural incomes -- Summary of agriculture's performance during the transition era -- Institutions and the Policy Foundation of Reform -- Pricing policies -- Greater incentives -- Domestic market liberalization policies -- Agricultural technology and water infrastructure development -- Trade policy -- Summary: China's transition era agricultural policies.

Quantifying the Distortions to Agricultural Incentives since 1980 -- Methodology and data sources -- NRAs and CTEs -- The foreign exchange regime -- The data used -- Results -- The role of domestic price and marketing policy -- NRAs for the main agricultural commodities -- Distortions in the grain economy before 1995 -- Distortions to the grain economy after 1995 -- Edible oils and cotton -- Livestock, sugar, and horticultural commodities -- The aggregate picture -- Comparisons with the results of other studies -- Agricultural Versus Nonagricultural Protection -- Conclusions and Implications -- Notes -- References -- PART 3 Southeast Asia -- 4 Indonesia -- Introduction -- Economic Growth and Structural Change -- Policy Evolution -- Agricultural Protection by Subsector -- Rice -- Sugar -- Soybeans -- Maize -- Other import-competing agriculture: tariffs and tariff surcharges -- Estate crops: rubber, copra, coffee, and tea -- The Political Economy of Protection: Do Good Times Produce Bad Policy, and Bad Times, Good Policy? -- Imputed Protection at the Farm Level -- Theory -- Econometric application -- Estimation of protection at the farm level -- Aggregate Measures of Assistance -- Conclusions and the Prospects for Reform -- Notes -- References -- 5 Malaysia -- Introduction -- Agriculture in the Malaysian Economy -- Economic growth trends -- Structural changes: plantation (cash) crops -- Structural changes: food crops -- Agricultural trade -- Policy Context -- Agricultural trade policy: plantation crops -- Agricultural trade policy: food crops -- Accompanying policies -- Trends and Patterns in Distortions in Agricultural Incentives -- Concluding Remarks -- Notes -- References -- 6 The Philippines -- Introduction -- Agricultural Performance and Structural Change -- Growth rate and composition -- Agricultural trade and trade openness.

Comparative advantage and trends in productivity -- The Historical Evolution of Price Intervention Policies -- Economy-wide policies -- Agriculture-specific policies up to the mid-1980s -- Rice and maize -- Sugar -- Export commodities -- Agriculture-specific policies after 1986 -- The reforms under Corazon Aquino -- The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture -- Regional trade agreements -- Estimates of Nominal and Relative Rates of Assistance -- Methodology -- NRAs in agriculture -- Rice -- Maize -- Sugar -- Poultry and other livestock products -- Agricultural inputs -- NRAs for nonagriculture and RRAs for agriculture -- Explaining the Patterns in the Distortions in Agricultural Incentives -- Concluding Remarks -- Notes -- References -- 7 Thailand -- Introduction -- Economic Growth and Structural Change -- The Changing Structure of Assistance at the Wholesale Level -- Rice -- Maize -- Cassava -- Soybeans -- Sugar -- Palm oil -- Rubber -- Fertilizer -- Imputed Assistance at the Farm Level -- Theory -- Econometric application -- Estimation of assistance at the farm level -- Aggregate Measures of Agricultural Assistance -- Conclusions and Prospects for Future Reform -- Notes -- References -- 8 Vietnam -- Introduction -- Agriculture in the Vietnamese Economy -- Growth trends -- The production of major commodities -- Agricultural exports -- The Reform Process: From Plan to Market -- Unshackling agriculture -- Trade policy reforms -- Other reforms -- Trends and Patterns in Agricultural Incentives -- Concluding Remarks -- Notes -- References -- PART 4 South Asia -- 9 Bangladesh -- Introduction -- Economic Growth and Structural Change -- Agricultural exports -- Agricultural imports -- Exchange Rate and Trade Policies -- The 1970s: Inward-oriented policies -- The 1980s: Initial policy reforms -- 1990s: Major trade liberalization.

Impacts of Agricultural Price and Trade Policies on NRAs -- Rice -- Wheat -- Jute -- Tea -- Sugar -- Distortions in input prices -- The total assistance to agriculture -- The Political Economy of Agricultural Policies -- Major Reforms in Agricultural Pricing -- Concluding Observations -- Notes -- References -- 10 India -- Introduction -- Economic Growth and Structural Change -- Trade and Exchange Rate Policies since Independence -- Regional trade agreements -- The exchange rate regime and trade policies -- From 1947 to the 1966 devaluation -- From the 1966 devaluation to 1978 -- From 1978 to 1993 -- From 1993 to 2007 -- The Measurement of Distortions in Agricultural Incentives -- Assistance in agriculture -- Assistance to producers of agricultural tradables relative to other tradables -- Where Are Indian Policies Heading? -- Notes -- References -- 11 Pakistan -- Introduction -- The Agricultural Sector -- Trade and Exchange Rate Policies -- Impacts of Agricultural Price and Trade Policies on NRAs -- Wheat -- Government wheat policy -- Effects of government policy on domestic wheat prices -- Cotton -- Basmati and IRRI rice -- Sugarcane -- Maize -- Milk -- Edible oils and oilseeds -- Distortions in input prices -- Assistance for Agricultural Tradables Relative to Nonagricultural Tradables -- Political Economy and Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- 12 Sri Lanka -- Introduction -- Economic Growth and Structural Change -- Policy Evolution -- Direct and Indirect Distortions in Incentives -- Export crops -- Tea -- Rubber -- Coconuts -- Import-competing farm products -- Rice -- Chilies, onions, and potatoes -- Sugar -- Agricultural versus nonagricultural assistance -- The Political Economy of Agricultural Policies -- Export crops -- Import-competing crops -- Rice policy -- Wheat and sugar import policies -- Chilies and onions -- Future Prospects -- Notes.

References -- Appendix A -- Methodology for Measuring Distortions to Agricultural Incentives -- What, According to Theory, Should Be Measured -- Direct agricultural distortions -- Nondistortionary price wedges -- The impact of distortions in food processing on agricultural NRAs -- The mean and standard deviation of agricultural NRAs -- Trade bias in agricultural assistance -- Indirect agricultural assistance and taxation through nonagriculturaldistortions -- Assistance to agricultural production relative to nonagricultural production -- The Ways the Theory Is Put into Practice in This Study -- Time period coverage of the study -- Farm product coverage of the study -- Farm input coverage -- Trade costs -- Classifying farm products as import-competing, exportable, or nontradable -- The transmission of assistance and taxation along the agricultural value chain -- The CTEs of farm products -- Key required information -- Exchange rate distortions -- Guesstimates of NRAs for agricultural products not covered -- Non-product-specific assistance to agriculture -- Assistance to nonagricultural sectors -- The use of percentages in the chapters -- Dollar values of farmer assistance and consumer taxation -- Notes -- References -- Appendix B -- Annual Estimates of Asian Distortions to Agricultural Incentives -- References -- Index -- Back Cover.
Abstract:
Distortions to Agricultural incentives in Asia is the third volume in a series of books that brings together analytical narratives of the evolution over the past half-century of policy-imposed distortions to farmer incentives and food prices in 80 countries. Drawing on new consistent set of estimates spanning 90 percent of the world's agricultural markets. The first two titles in the series focus on Europe's transitional economies and Latin America. Future titles will focus on Africa and the distortions to agricultural incentives from a global perspective.
Local Note:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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