Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview -- Past Research on Transport Prices and Costs -- Scope and Methodology of This Study -- Analysis of the Transport Environment -- Policy Recommendations -- Notes -- Chapter 2 Trucking in Africa Compared with Other Regions -- Global Comparisons -- Regional Perspectives -- Market Regulation, Competition, and Prices in the Trucking Industry -- Notes -- Chapter 3 Key Logistics and Market Characteristics of the Transport Corridors -- West Africa -- Central Africa -- The Northern Corridor in East Africa -- The North-South Corridor in Southern Africa -- Notes -- Chapter 4 Main Determinants of Transport Prices and Trucking Profitability -- Heterogeneity of Transport Prices in Africa -- The Importance of Rail Competition for Road Freight Prices -- Profitability Determinants -- Notes -- Chapter 5 The Impact of Cartels on Transport Prices and Quality -- Impact of Freight-Sharing Schemes -- Truck Age and Utilization -- Cartels -- Fleet Size -- Notes -- Chapter 6 Transport Costs Determinants -- Typology of Trucking Companies in Africa -- Operating Costs in the Subregions -- The Importance of Variable Costs -- Breakdown of Fixed Costs -- Public Procedures and the Opportunity Cost of Delays -- Notes -- Chapter 7 The Impact of Road Conditions on Transport Costs -- Road Conditions in the Study Corridors -- How Road Conditions Affect Operating Costs -- Notes -- Chapter 8 The Trucking Market in Africa: Perceptions and Reality -- Chapter 9 Assessment of Policy Options -- Policies for West and Central Africa -- Policies for East Africa -- Policies for Southern Africa -- Notes -- Chapter 10 Implications for Economic and Fiscal Analysis and for Data Collection -- Finance Regular Studies of Transport Prices and Costs Determinants.

Improve the Economic Analysis of Road Projects -- Assess the Impact of Fiscal Policies on Transport Services -- Note -- Chapter 11 Conclusions, Recommendations, and the Role of International Development Agencies -- Key Findings and Conclusions -- Recommendations -- The Role of Development Partners -- Map 1 African Landlocked Countries -- References -- Annex 1 Bank Support for Africa Transport Corridors -- Note -- Annex 2 Data Methodology and Reliability -- 1. Data Selection -- 2. Variable Description -- 3. Regression Analysis -- Notes -- Annex 3 Sample Survey Design and Data Quality Control -- An Example with Cameroon -- Sample Size -- Annex 4 Freight Allocation through Freight Bureaus: The Cases of Central and West Africa -- Notes -- Annex 5 Zambia's Road Freight Industry and Business Practices in Southern Africa -- Notes -- Index -- Box 5.1 History and Impact of the Queuing System in France -- Box 5.2 Captured Market Regulation: Cargo Reservation Schemes in Maritime Transport -- Figure 1.1 Various Definitions Related to Transport -- Figure 2.1 Average Transport Prices: A Global Comparison in 2007 -- Figure 2.2 Transport Quality Worldwide Based on the Logistics Performance Index in 2007 -- Figure 2.3 Transport Services in Africa-Expensive and Low Quality in 2007 -- Figure 2.4 Average Truck Mileage in Selected Developing Countries in 2007 -- Figure 2.5 Cost and Price Trends before and after Market Deregulation in France, 1980-97 -- Figure 2.6 Average Transport Prices from Mombasa to Kigali -- Figure 2.7 Number of Registered Heavy Trucks in Rwanda -- Figure 3.1 A Typology of Transport Corridors in Africa Based on Market Access -- Figure 4.1 Road-Rail Price Competition in Main International Routes -- Figure 5.1 Transport Quality Index Based on the Trucking Survey Results -- Figure 5.2 Fleet Age and Yearly Mileage.

Figure 5.3 The Vicious Circle of Transport Prices and Costs in a Strongly Regulated Environment -- Table 1.1 Measures and Outcomes in West and Central Africa -- Table 1.2 Measures and Outcomes in East Africa -- Table 1.3 Measures and Outcomes in Southern Africa -- Table 2.1 Comparative Transport Costs, Africa and Europe (Eastern and Western) in 2007 -- Table 2.2 Comparative Transport Costs, Central Africa, East Africa, and France in 2007 -- Table 2.3 Median Monthly Wages for Truckers in 2007 -- Table 2.4 Comparison of Malawi and South African Fleet Competitiveness -- Table 2.5 Summary of World Experiences in Transport Services Deregulation -- Table 3.1 The Four Key Transport Corridors in Africa: Ports and Countries -- Table 3.2 The Four Key Transport Corridors in Africa: Key Economic Data -- Table 4.1 Transit Time and Transport Price (from Gateway to Destination) -- Table 4.2 International Transport Prices, Costs, and Profit Margins (from Gateway to Destination) -- Table 4.3 Regressions to Identify the Main Determinants of Transport Prices -- Table 4.4 Regressions to Identify the Main Determinants of Margins -- Table 5.1 Main Regulatory Barriers in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Table 5.2 Main Methods Used by the Trucking Industry to Get Freight -- Table 5.3 Method of Financing Truck Purchases -- Table 5.4 Infrastructure Condition and Load Control -- Table 5.5 Current Trucking Demand and Ideal Supply, Central African Republic and Niger -- Table 6.1 A Typology of Trucking Companies in Africa -- Table 6.2 Transport Costs Composition -- Table 6.3 Truck Operating Costs in the Four Corridors -- Table 6.4 Comparison of Transport Costs for a Heavy Truck Using Alternative Methods of Analysis -- Table 6.5 Variable Costs Breakdown for Subregions -- Table 6.6 Fixed Costs in the Subregions -- Table 6.7 Fuel Prices in Zambia -- Table 6.8 Heavy Truck Prices.

Table 6.9 Import Tariffs for Imported Trucks -- Table 6.10 Monthly Wage for Permanent Full-Time Truck Drivers -- Table 6.11 Ratio of Company Taxes to Total Costs -- Table 6.12 Licenses -- Table 6.13 Opportunity Cost of Delays -- Table 7.1 Infrastructure Condition and Load Control -- Table 7.2 Unit Vehicle Operating Costs Savings from Road Improvement -- Table 7.3 Vehicle Operating Costs Savings from Road Improvement -- Table 7.4 Indicative Internal Rate of Return of Infrastructure Rehabilitation -- Table 8.1 Transport Prices and Trade Imbalance -- Table 8.2 Transport Prices and Trade Flows -- Table 8.3 Main Perceived Constraints to the Trucking Industry -- Table 8.4 Trucking Companies and Truckers Belonging to an Association -- Table 9.1 Expected Impact of Policies in a Regulated Environment -- Table 9.2 Expected Impact of Policies in East Africa -- Table 9.3 Expected Impact of Policies in Southern Africa -- Table 10.1 Transport Costs for Cocoa Beans from the Field in Ghana to Europe -- Table A3.1 Survey Participation by Country -- Table A3.2 Number of Vehicles Surveyed by Country -- Table A5.1 Indicative Cost Factor Ranges for Zambia and South Africa Trucking Companies Operating to and from Zambia.