PREFACE --- Cyrille Fijnaut -- LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS -- INTRODUCTION - A VIEW FROM THE OUTSIDE --- Pierre Larouche -- GAMBLING POLICY - THE EU DILEMMA --- Peter Kerstens -- 1 Purpose of the Presentation -- 2 Source of Political and Legal Controversy -- 3 A Sense of Urgency -- 4 A Permissive or Restrictive Approach? -- HAS THE ECJ'S JURISPRUDENCE IN THE FIELD OF GAMBLING BECOME MORE RESTRICTIVE WHEN APPLYING THE PROPORTIONALITY PRINCIPLE? --- Alan Littler -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Defining Gambling: An Important Issue -- 3 The Context of the Contemporary Policy Debate -- 3.1 Legislation of the Member States -- 3.2 The Impact of Technology -- 3.3 The General Policies of the European Union -- 4 Tackling the Freedom to Provide Services and the Proportionality Principle -- 5 Case Discussion -- 5.1 Schindler -- 5.2 Läärä -- 5.3 Zenatti -- 5.4 Anomar -- 5.5 Gambelli -- 5.6 Lindman -- 6 Conclusions -- A VIEW OF EUROPEAN GAMBLING REGULATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF PRIVATE OPERATORS --- Martin Arendts -- 1 Gambling - The Last Reservation for Monopolies in the European Union? -- 2 Barriers against the Cross-Border Offering of Gambling Services by Private Operators -- 2.1 Member States vs. Private Operators -- 2.2 State Operators vs. Private Operators -- 2.3 Lobbying by Private Operators -- 3 Case Law by the European Court of Justice and the Status Quo -- 3.1 No Secondary Legislation -- 3.2 The Criteria of the European Court of Justice -- 3.3 Application of the Criteria on the State Operators -- 4 European Gambling Regulation - Quo Vadis? -- STATE LICENSED LOTTERIES AND TOTO COMPANIES IN THE LEGAL AND POLITICAL DEBATE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION --- Tjeerd Veenstra -- 1 The Importance of Lotteries and Toto Companies -- 2 The Relationship between the European Union and its Member States -- 3 The Framework of the European Community Treaty.

4 The Case-Law of the European Court of Justice -- 5 The Battle Before National Courts -- 6 The Political Dossier of the Proposed Directive on Services -- 7 Raising Money for Good Causes -- 8 Is There Need for Action at EU level? -- 9 Conclusion -- DUTCH GAMBLING LAW AND POLICY: AN UNTENABLE PAROCHIAL APPROACH --- Nick Huls -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Legal Aspects of Gambling Regulation -- 3 Key Players on the Dutch Gambling Market -- 3.1 The Supply Side -- 3.2 The Dominance of National Government -- 3.3 The Role of Local Authorities -- 4 The Politics of Dutch Gambling Regulation -- 5 An Evaluation of Dutch Policy -- 6 The Direction of Recent Case-Law -- 7 Conclusion -- A BRITISH VIEW OF EUROPEAN GAMBLING REGULATION --- David Miers -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Basic Picture -- 3 Regulating Commercial Gambling in Great Britain -- 3.1 Commercial Salience -- 3.2 The Implementation of the Gambling Act 2005 -- 3.3 The Position of the National Lottery -- 3.4 Creating New Lotteries within the National Lottery -- 4 The Impact of European Law on the British Market -- 4.1 The Value and the Use of Pre-race Data -- 4.2 The Broader Picture -- 4.3 The Legality of Restrictions on Cross-Border Gambling Services -- 4.3.1 The Schindler Case -- 4.3.2 The Territorial Reach of the Gambling Act 2005 -- 4.3.2.1 Exporting Gambling Facilities -- 4.3.2.2 Importing Gambling Facilities -- 4.3.3 The Gambelli Case: Post Schindler Developments -- 4.3.4 General Conditions Affecting National Restrictions -- 4.3.5 Particular Conditions Affecting National Restrictions -- 4.3.5.1 Consumer Protection -- 4.3.5.2 Combating Crime, Fraud and Money Laundering -- 4.3.5.3 Social Responsibility: Problem Gambling and Gambling by Children -- 4.4 Conclusion -- References -- FRENCH AND BELGIAN VIEWS OF THE EUROPEAN GAMBLING REGULATION --- Thibault Verbiest -- 1 What is European Gambling Regulation?.

1.1 The Treaty and the European Court of Justice Case-law -- 1.1.1 The Legal Basis: The Freedom of Establishment and the Freedom to Provide Services -- 1.1.2 The Case-law of the European Court of Justice -- 1.1.2.1 Schindler, Läärä and Zenatti (1994-1999) -- 1.1.2.2 Gambelli and Lindman (2003) -- 1.2 Secondary EU Law and Commission Initiatives -- 1.2.1 The Electronic Commerce Directive -- 1.2.2 Article 3: Internal Market Clause -- 1.2.3 Exclusion of Games from the Scope of Application -- 1.2.4 Review of the Directive -- 1.2.5 Proposal for a Directive on Services in the Internal Market -- 1.2.5.1 First Proposal: January 2004 - COM (2004) 2 final -- 1.2.5.2 The Gebhardt Draft Reports - April 2005 -- 1.2.5.3 Last Version of the Gebhardt Report: Part I and II (25 May 2005) -- 1.2.6 Study on Gambling Services in the Internal Market -- 1.3 Conclusions -- 2 France -- 2.1 The French Regulatory Framework for Gambling -- 2.1.1 Games of Chance -- 2.1.2 Lotteries -- 2.1.3 Liability of Intermediary or Affiliated Service Providers -- 2.2 France and European Law -- 2.2.1 The Trucy Report -- 2.2.2 National Case-law -- 2.2.2.1 Tribunal de Grande Instance de Paris, 8 July 2005 -- 2.2.2.2 Tribunal de Grande Instance de Paris, 2 November 2005 -- 2.2.2.3 Criminal Court of Nanterre, 12 November 2004 -- 2.3 Where from Here? -- 3 Belgium -- 3.1 The Belgian Regulatory Framework for Gambling -- 3.1.1 Games of Chance and Casino Games - Act of 1999 -- 3.1.2 Reform of the 1999 Act on Games of Chance -- 3.1.2.1 The 2001 Bill on Games of Chance -- 3.1.2.2 The Recommendations of the Gaming Board -- 3.1.3 Lotteries - 2002 National Lottery Act -- 3.2 Belgian and European Law -- 3.2.1 Belgian Constitutional Court, 10 March 2004 -- 3.3 Where from Here? -- 4 General Conclusions -- CLOSING REMARKS --- Sofie Geeroms -- Introduction -- European Perspectives General Regulatory Framework.

Political and Legal Challenges for the EU -- The European Court of Justice's Case Law and the Proportionality Principle -- European Perspectives from a Private Operator's View -- European Perspectives from a Public Operator's View -- Member State Perspectives -- The Dutch View -- The UK View -- The French and Belgian View -- General Conclusions -- APPENDIX -- Case C-275/92, Schindler -- C-124/97, Läärä -- C-67/98, Zenatti -- C-6/01, Anomar -- C-243/01, Gambelli -- C-42/02, Lindman -- ABOUT THE AUTHORS -- INDEX.