Table of Contents -- List of Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Introduction -- PART I: LAW ENFORCEMENT-A PSO TASK? -- Chapter 1: The Transposition of Inter-State Self-Defense and Use of Force onto Operational Mandates for Peace Support Operations -- A. Introduction -- B. The Equation of Peace Support Operations and Self-Defense by States -- C. Use of Force by Peacekeepers Engaged in (International) Armed Conflicts -- 1. The Normative Framework for Peacekeepers -- 2. Defining Peacekeepers as "Combatants" -- 3. Discretionary Boundaries for Peacekeepers to Engage in Combat -- D. Use of Force by Peacekeepers Beyond the Framework of an Armed Conflict -- 1. Use of Force Against Non-State Actors -- 2. Defining "Armed Attack" Against Peacekeepers -- 3. Self-Defense Pursuant to Article 51 as an Operational Mandate for Peacekeepers -- 4. Mandating the Use of Force by Peacekeepers Based upon "Hostile Act" and "Hostile Intent" -- E. Conclusions -- Chapter 2: The Law of Occupation and Peace Support Operations-At Odds? -- A. Introduction -- B. The Law of Occupation-Scope of Application and Contents -- C. Limits to Legislative Action by the Occupying Power- The "Principle of Preservation" -- D. The Law of Occupation and Peace Support Operations -- E. Legal Basis for Derogation from the Classic Law of Occupation -- F. Conclusions -- Chapter 3: The Prosecution of Criminals as a Peace-Building Tool: Cooperation with the ICC and the Case of the LRA in Northern Uganda -- A. Introduction -- B. Overview of International Criminal Court -- C. The Lord's Resistance Army Conflict -- D. Conditions for the ICC to Prosecute LRA Rebels -- 1. Jurisdiction -- 2. Other Conditions Under the ICC Statute -- E. Alleged Crimes Committed by the LRA -- F. Prospects of the LRA Prosecution by the ICC Towards the Peace-Building Process in Northern Uganda.

G. Challenges of the ICC as a Peace-Building Tool in Northern Uganda -- H. Conclusions -- PART II: LAW ENFORCEMENT WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF PSOs-LIMITS AND POSSIBILITIES -- Chapter 4: The Limits on Law Enforcement by Peacekeeping Operations in Accordance with SOFAs, ROEs and SOPs -- A. Introduction -- B. Transitional Authority: Sources and Limits -- 1. The International Mandate and SOFAs as Sources of Transitional Authority -- 2. The International Mandate and SOFAs as Inherent Limits of Transitional Authority -- 3. Limits of Transitional Authority Deriving from General Principles of International Humanitarian and Human Rights Law -- C. The Practice of International Peacekeeping-Key Examples -- 1. The KFOR Law and Order Mission -- 2. Protection and Defense of Designated Property -- 3. Operational Detention -- D. Assessment and Conclusions -- Chapter 5: The Impact of Organized Crime on Peace Support Operations -- A. Introduction -- B. Definitions -- 1. Organized Crime -- 2. Peace Support Operations (PSOs) -- C. The Post-Conflict Environment -- D. The Impact of Organized Crime on PSOs-A Closer Look -- 1. How Does Organized Crime Affect PSOs? -- 2. The Legal Framework of PSOs -- 3. The Military and Civilian Peace Supporting Operators and Their Tasks -- 4. Other Actors -- E. Case Studies -- 1. Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) -- a. Organized Crime Activities -- b. Law Enforcement Institutions and Their Legal Framework -- c. Dilemmas and Problems -- 2. Kosovo -- a. Organized Crime Activities -- b. Law Enforcement Institutions and Their Legal Framework -- c. Dilemmas and Problems -- 3. Afghanistan (ISAF) -- a. Organized Crime Activities -- b. Law Enforcement Institutions and Their Legal Framework -- c. Dilemmas and Problems -- F. Conclusions -- Chapter 6: Peace Support Forces-Assisting the Civilian Authorities in Criminal Prosecutions -- A. Introduction.

B. Authorized Tasks and International Obligations -- C. Initial Phase of Operations-Control of the Ground Environment and Post-Conflict Actions -- 1. Securing Evidence -- 2. Documents -- 3. Witnesses -- 4. Mass Graves -- D. Applicable Criminal Procedure and Admissibility of Evidence -- E. Intelligence Coordination -- 1. Threat and Criminal Intelligence -- 2. Sharing Intelligence and Technical Means-Cooperation Arrangements -- 3. Classification and Declassification -- F. Crime Scenes and Physical Evidence -- G. PSF Participation in Searches and Arrests-Coordination Arrangements -- H. Conclusions -- PART III: LAW ENFORCEMENT AND FORCE PROTECTION BY PSO FORCES: PRACTICAL TOOLS -- Chapter 7: The Maintenance of Law and Order in the Aftermath of International Armed Conflict- Lessons Learned from Iraq -- A. Introduction -- B. Planning-Time -- C. Training/Use of Force -- D. Prisoners -- E. Nation-Building-Practical Difficulties -- 1. Constitutional/Legal Framework -- 2. Police -- 3. Courts/Judiciary -- 4. Prisons -- 5. International Oversight -- F. Finance -- G. Conclusions -- Chapter 8: The Apprehension of Indicted War Criminals: Lessons from the Former Yugoslavia -- A. Introduction -- B. Law Enforcement Challenges in the International Context -- C. Legal Framework for the Arrest, Detention, Surrender and Transfer of Suspects and Accused -- 1. Determining the Enforcement Authority of the Arrest Warrant -- 2. Rules Governing the Arrest of Suspects and Accused at the ICTY -- a. Arrest, Detention and Questioning of Suspects -- b. Sealed and Public Indictments -- c. Execution of Arrest Warrants -- D. Apprehending Indicted War Criminals in Practice -- 1. Voluntary Surrender -- 2. Arrest by Domestic State Authorities -- 3. Arrest by International Peace Support Forces -- 4. At Large -- E. Novel Approaches to Apprehending Indicted War Criminals.

1. Diplomatic and Economic Sanctions Against Non-Cooperative States -- 2. Freezing Assets and Restricting Travel of Accused and Associates -- 3. Deception and Trickery of Accused -- 4. Transnational Abductions -- 5. Public Involvement: Financial Rewards and Web Sites of Sightings -- F. Conclusions -- Chapter 9: Law Enforcement in Post-Conflict Bosnia and Herzegovina: War Crimes Prosecutions and Judicial Restructuring -- A. Introduction -- B. Brief History -- C. The "Rules of the Road" System: Balancing War Crimes Trials and Freedom of Movement -- 1. The Problem -- 2. The Proposed Solution -- 3. Outcome of the RoR Procedure -- 4. Conclusions and Prospects for Use in Other Contexts -- D. Vetting of Judges -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Reselection System -- 3. Results of the Reselection System -- 4. Conclusions Regarding Future Use of such a System -- E. A New War Crimes Chamber: Linking International and Domestic War Crimes Trials -- 1. The Problem -- 2. The Proposed Solution -- 3. Results of the War Crimes Chamber to Date -- 4. Conclusions Regarding Future Uses of such a System -- F. Conclusions -- Chapter 10: Forensic Anthropology in Peace Support Operations -- A. Introduction -- B. The Argentine Case and the Formation of EAAF -- C. Methodologies and Phases of Forensic Anthropology Investigation of a Human Rights Case -- 1. Preliminary Investigation -- 2. The Archaeological Work -- 3. Laboratory Work -- 4. Identifications: Problems and Dilemmas -- 5. Strategies -- 6. Criteria for Case Selection -- 7. Psychological Assistance to the Relatives of Victims -- D. Conclusions and Recommendations -- Chapter 11: The Treatment of Detainees by Peacekeepers: Applying Principles and Standards at the Point of Detention -- A. Introduction -- B. Defining and Classifying Detainees -- C. The Treatment of Detainees: Legal Principles and Standards -- 1. General Principles.

2. Specific Principles and Standards -- a. Principles Relevant to the Treatment of Detainees -- i. Use of Force -- ii. Prohibition of Torture and Ill-Treatment -- iii. Protection from the Environment and Other Threats -- iv. Reasons for Detention -- v. Registration of Detainees -- vi. Notification of Detention -- vii. Medical Treatments -- viii. Categories of Persons Entitled to Special Protection -- ix. Reprisals -- x. Release or Ongoing Custody -- xi. Transfer -- xii. Handover -- xiii. Remedies if There Has Been Ill-Treatment -- b. Accountability -- i. Recording and Reporting -- ii. Investigations -- iii. Monitoring -- D. Conclusions -- Chapter 12: IHL v. Human Rights: The Al Jedda Case and Issues Arriving from an Operational Perspective -- A. Introduction -- B. Background -- C. Divisional Court Proceedings: July 20-21, 2005 -- D. Court of Appeal Proceedings: January 16-18, 2006 -- E. Operational Issues Arising -- F. Conclusions -- Chapter 13:Witness Protection by Peace Missions -- A. Introduction -- B. The Internal Dimension of Witness Protection -- 1. Status and Legal Framework -- 2. Preventive Action -- 3. Repressive Action -- 4. Practical Issues -- C. The External Dimension of Witness Protection -- 1. Practical Questions of Witness Protection: A Hypothetical Scenario -- 2. Geographical Overlaps Between the Jurisdiction of Adjudication Bodies and Peace Missions' Areas of Operations -- a. The Former Yugoslavia -- b. Rwanda -- c. The DRC -- d. Sudan (Darfur) -- e. Sierra Leone -- f. Cambodia -- g. Lebanon -- D. Witness Protection and International Mandates -- 1. Peace Missions in the Former Yugoslavia -- a. Croatia and BiH: The UN Protection Force (UNPROFOR) -- b. BiH: IFOR/SFOR/EUFOR ALTHEA -- c. BiH: The High Representative -- d. Kosovo: KFOR -- e. Kosovo: UNMIK -- 2. Peace Missions in the DRC -- a. MONUC -- b. EU Peacekeeping.

3. Peacekeeping in Sudan (Darfur).