Table of Contents -- Prologue -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1. The Three-Dimensional Method as the Focus of the Problem of Law in General and of Equity in Particular: Facts, Norms and Values -- 2. Domain and Plan of the Project. Equity as a Multi-Faceted Topic and the Maelstrom of Interrelated Concepts. A Horizontal and Vertical Reading of this Inquiry. The Necessity of an Interdisciplinary Approach to the Subject Matter -- Chapter 2 Equity and "Time". A Dynamic Study of the Different Types of Equity Throughout History -- 1. Factual Plane: The Greek "Epieikeia," as "Justice of a Specific Case," with a Singularizing or Individualizing Function -- 1.1. Etymology of the Term. Genre and Type -- 1.2. Principal Doctrinal Stances -- 1.2.1. Plato and Equity in the Negative Sense, as a Substitute for the Politically Just Man -- 1.2.2. Aristotle and Equity in the Positive Sense, as a Just Medium -- 1.2.3. Stoicism and its Rejection of "Epieikeia" -- 2. Normative Plane: The Roman "Aequitas" -- 2.1. Etymology of the Term, Which can be Traced back to the Sanskrit "Aika": "Aequitas" as "Egalitarian" or "Balanced" Justice -- 2.2. Evolution of the Concept of "Aequitas" in Different Stages of Historical Roman Law -- 2.2.1. The Ancient Time Period. Its Formalism and Lack of Equity -- 2.2.2. "Aequitas" as an Exception to Strict Law in Classical Roman Law -- 2.2.2.1. The Praetor's Edict. The Contrast between "Ius Civile," as "Ius Quiritium" and "Ius Strictum", and "Ius Gentium," through "Ius Honorarium" and "Ius Praetorium." "Ius Naturale" -- 2.2.2.2. "Iuris Prudents" and "Roman Jurisprudence". The Fights between Sabinians and Proculians -- 2.2.3. The Influence of Christianity on Post-classical Roman Law. Equity as "Humanitas", "Benignitas", "Pietas" and "Clementia" -- 2.3. Major Doctrinal Positions: The Teachings of Cicero -- 3. Values Plane.

3.1. Christian and Canonical "Misericordia", as "Humanitarian Virtue" and "Benevolent" and "Moderating" Justice -- 3.1.1. General Considerations -- 3.1.2. Main Theories -- 3.1.2.1. Thomas Aquinas -- 3.1.2.2. The "Schism of the West" and the Invocation of Equity -- 3.2. Medieval Equity as a Type of Non-literal "Interpretation" -- 3.2.1. General Considerations -- 3.2.2. Main Theories: The Glossators and the Post-Glossators or Commentators -- 4. Later Development of the Idea of Equity -- 4.1. Martin Luther's Protestantism: Equity and Forgiveness for Sin -- 4.2. I. Kant's Idealism: Equity in the Foundation of the Metaphysics of Custom -- 4.3. Codification as a Phenomenon Running contrary to Equity -- Chapter 3 Equity in "Space". The Treatment of Equity in Different Legal Systems and Codes of Law -- 1. Factual Plane: Anglo-American Equity -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. English Law -- 1.2.1. Differences between the Common Law System and the Continental European Civil Law System -- 1.2.2. Similarities between the Common Law System and Roman Law with regard to Equity -- 1.2.3. Different Phases of English Law in Relation to Equity -- 1.2.4. Systematic Treatment of Equity in England -- 1.2.4.1. The "XII Maxims of Equity" -- 1.2.4.2. Procedural Instruments Available to Equity -- 1.2.4.2.1. Injunctions -- 1.2.4.2.2. "Decree of Specific Performance" -- 1.2.4.3. Equitable Laws: Trusts -- 1.2.4.4. Major Historical Institutions Relating to Equity -- 1.2.4.5. Legal Standards -- 1.3. Equity in the United States of America -- 1.4. Equity in Scotland -- 2. Normative Plane: The Equity of Continental Europe under the Roman-Germanic Systems. A Study in Comparative Law -- 2.1. "Equidad" in the Historical Evolution of the Spanish Legal Order -- 2.2. "Équité" in France -- 2.3. "Billigkeit" in Germany -- 2.4. "Equità" in Italy.

2.5. Equity in the Swiss Legal Order, as an Introduction to the Law of Equity in a more General Sense on the Continent. The Judge-Legislator -- 2.6. "Equidade" in Portugal -- 2.7. Influence of Continental Equity on Latin American Legal Codes -- 3. Values Plane: Equity in Other Legal Contexts -- 3.1. The "Midrash" in Judaism. Maimonides -- 3.2. Equity and Islamic Law -- 3.3. Equity in Soviet Law -- Chapter 4 Concept of Equity -- 1. Historical-Spatial Perspective: Equity "Here and Now" -- 2. Lexicographical Perspective -- 3. Logical-Scientific Perspective -- Chapter 5 Functions of Equity -- 1. Three-dimensional Distinction -- 1.1. Factual Plane -- 1.1.1. The Applying, Singularizing and Individualizing Function of Law, through Case Law -- 1.1.2. The Interpretive Function of Law -- 1.1.2.1. Interpretation as a Process that is Inseparable from the Application of Law -- 1.1.2.2. Types of Interpretation -- 1.1.2.2.1. Declarative Interpretation of Law and Equity -- 1.1.2.2.2. Corrective Interpretation of Law and Equity -- 1.1.3. The Integrating Function of Legal Gaps -- 1.1.3.1. The Robustness of Legal System and the Prohibition on "Non Liquet" -- 1.1.3.2. Different Types of Legal Gaps and Equity -- 1.1.3.2.1. Authentic or Proper Gaps -- 1.1.3.2.2. False or Improper Gaps -- 1.1.3.2.3. Are the Gaps Temporary or Permanent? -- 1.1.3.3. Various Procedures for Integrating Legal Gaps and Equity -- 1.1.3.3.1. Heterointegration -- 1.1.3.3.2. Self-Integration -- 1.1.3.3.3. Judicial Discretion -- 1.2. Normative Plane -- 1.2.1. The Moderating Function of Equity. Mitigating the Harsh Nature of Strict Law through the Softness, Kindness, Humanity, Mercy, Lessening, Pacifying, and Smoothing Effect of Equity -- 1.2.2. The Creative Function of Law -- 1.2.2.1. Is Equity a Formal, Subsidiary or Indirect Source? The Will of Equity as a Guideline, not as a Source of Law.

1.2.2.2. Equity and Judicial Free Will -- 1.2.2.2.1. Distinction between Discretional Power and Arbitrary Power -- 1.2.2.2.2. Can a Judge Declare Himself to be a Conscientious Objector if He is Faced with an Unjust Law? -- 1.3. Values Plane: The Humanizing Function of Equity as a Virtue -- 2. The Architects of Equity according to their Different Functions -- 2.1. Factual Plane -- 2.1.1. The "Judge", concerning the Application-Interpretation and Integration of the Law -- 2.1.1.1. Equity or the Art of Judging -- 2.1.1.2. Model Judges: Hercules, Jupiter, and Hermes -- 2.1.2. The "Arbitrator". A General Picture of the Various Systems of Judicial Formulation of the Law and the Application of Equity -- 2.1.3. The "King": The Granting of Pardons -- 2.1.4. The "Praetor" in Rome and the "Chancellor" in English Law -- 2.2. Normative Plane: The "Legislator", Creating the Law -- 2.3. Values Plane: The "Individual", Internally Struggling with the Values of his Conscience. The Problem of a Conflict of Duties -- Chapter 6 Types of Equity -- 1. Due to Their Relation with the Law -- 1.1. "Infra", "Secundum" or "Propter Legem" Equity, or Interpretive Equity. Equity Authorized by Legislative Delegation -- 1.2. "Praeter" or "Extra Legem" Equity, Additional or Integrating -- 1.3. "Contra Legem" Equity, Repealing or Corrective -- 1.3.1. Historical Evolution of the Subject Matter -- 1.3.2. Arguments for and against Corrective Equity -- 1.3.2.1. Arguments for Corrective Equity -- 1.3.2.1.1. The Dogma of the "Rational Legislator" -- 1.3.2.1.2. The Existence of "Recourse to the Unconstitutionality" of a Law -- 1.3.2.1.3. An "All-Encompassing" Conception of the Legal Order, including "Individual" Norms -- 1.3.2.2. Arguments against Corrective Equity -- 1.3.3. Major Examples of Corrective Equity -- 1.3.3.1. Due to the "Inadequacy" of the Law- a Quantitative Issue.

1.3.3.2. Due to a "Defect" in the Law-a Qualitative Issue -- 1.3.3.2.1. The Existence of a Law which Goes against a Higher Law: Unconstitutional Laws, "Contra Legem" Customs, and Illegal Sets of Rules -- 1.3.3.2.2. The Existence of a Law which Goes against Another Law that is in Effect at the Same Time, in the Case of an Irreconcilable Antinomy -- 1.3.3.2.3. The Vagueness or Ambiguity of the Law -- 1.3.3.2.4. The Existence of Improper Expressions of the Law -- 1.3.3.2.5. The Existence of a Law that is Obsolete or in Disuse-"Desuetude". The Difference that Exists between Disuse and the "Contra Legem" Custom -- 1.3.3.2.6. Laws that are Clearly Unjust and Contrary to Natural Law -- 2. The Distinction between "Constituent", "Constituted", and "Canonical" Equity -- 3. The Distinction between "Subjective" and "Objective" Equity-Natural or Ideal -- 4. "Interpretive", "Arbitrative"-Discretionary Law-and "Additional" Equity -- 5. "General" Equity and "Particular" Equity -- 6. Cerebral/Intellectual Equity -- Chapter 7 Equity's Content/Equity's Judgement -- Chapter 8 Equity's Limits -- Chapter 9 Relationship between Equity and Related Ideas -- 1. Factual Plane -- 1.1. Equity and Concepts Related to "Interpretation" -- 1.1.1. Equity and the "Spirit"-"Ratio"-of the Law, as opposed to the "Letter"-"Corpus" -- 1.1.2. Equity and "Voluntas Legislatoris", as opposed to "Voluntas Legis" -- 1.1.3. Equity, "Animus" and "Anima" -- 1.2. Equity and Concepts that Take Part in the "Application" of the Law -- 1.2.1. Equity and "Analogy" -- 1.2.2. Equity and "Good Faith" -- 1.2.3. Equity and the "Nature of Things" -- 1.3. Other Concepts from the Factual Plane Related to Equity -- 1.3.1. Equity and Situation-"Kairòs" -- 1.3.2. Equity and the Spirit of the People-"Volkgeist" -- 1.3.3. Equity, Automatism, and Reflection -- 1.3.4. Equity, Space and Time -- 2. Normative Plane.

2.1. Objective Aspect: Equity and the Sources of Law.