Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- Introduction -- Part I: Growth and Poverty -- 1 Growth Performance: A Historical Overview -- 2 Poverty and Social Development: A Long-Term Assessment -- Part II: Creating a Competitive Environment for Deepening Growth -- 3 Strengthening Macroeconomic Policies and Public Finance Management -- 4 Deepening Trade and Financial Policies within the Regional Framework -- 5 Improving Infrastructure Services -- Part III: Strengthening the Social Sector and Enhancing Inclusiveness -- 6 Investing in People -- 7 Strengthening Sector Policies through an Integrated Approach -- Part IV: Improving Governance and Supportive Institutions -- 8 Promoting an Effective and Participatory Decision-Making Process -- 9 Strengthening the Judicial System -- Part V: Medium-Term Prospects for Growth and Poverty Reduction -- 10 Medium-Term Prospects for Growth and Poverty Reduction -- Bibliography -- Index -- Boxes -- 1.1 Was Dutch Disease in Cameroon Inevitable? -- 1.2 Sources of Growth: What Are the Contributions of Factors and Productivity? -- II.1 2006 Investment Climate Assessment -- II.2 2006 Investment Climate Profile -- 3.1 The Costs of Untimely Relaxation of Structural Reform: How Cameroon Missed the HIPC Completion Point -- 3.2 Are Forest Tax Revenues Benefitting Local Communities? -- 3.3 A New Income Tax that Favors Poor Wage Earners -- 3.4 Progress in Public Finance Management since the HIPC Decision Point -- 3.5 Budget Tracking Survey in the Health Sector -- 3.6 The Expenditure Chain -- 3.7 Key Features of Cameroon's Petroleum Sector -- 3.8 Cameroon's HIPC Completion Point and Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative -- 3.9 Using the Subregional Bond Market to Finance Budget Deficits -- 4.1 Cameroon's National Competitiveness -- 4.2 Creating a Business-Friendly Environment: Lessons from India.

4.3 Cameroon's Incomplete Trade Liberalization Agenda -- 4.4 Successfully Restructuring the Banking and Insurance Sectors -- 4.5 Restructuring the Financial Services Provided by the Postal Service -- 5.1 Cameroon's Electric Power Sector at a Glance -- 5.2 Cameroon's Lom Pangar Dam Project -- 5.3 Priority Programs in the Road Sector -- 5.4 Cameroon's Road Fund -- 5.5 Performance-Based Maintenance and Management of Roads -- 5.6 The Yamoussoukro Declaration -- 5.7 Using Smart Subsidies to Deliver ICT Services in Remote Areas -- 6.1 Progress in Outreach Activities for Core Health Interventions -- 7.1 Liberalizing the Cocoa Market in Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, and Nigeria -- 7.2 Improving the Forestry Sector with an Ambitious Reform Program -- 7.3 Awaiting Implementation of Environmental Laws -- 8.1 Making, Managing, and Implementing Good Policies -- 8.2 What Makes an Information Strategy Successful? -- 8.3 Increasing Accountability through Participatory Activities: Lessons from Brazil, India, and South Africa -- 8.4 The Community Development Program -- 9.1 How Does Corruption Affect Growth and Foreign Investment? -- 9.2 Strengthening the Judicial System -- 10.1 Cameroon's Macroeconometric Model -- 10.2 Cameroon's Macro-Micro Simulation Model -- 10.3 Assessing the Impact of Short- and Long-Run Shocks to Income Distribution and GDP Growth Using the 123PRSP Model -- Figures -- 1.1 Ratio of per Capita GDP in Cameroon to per Capita GDP in Selected Other Countries, 1970-2004 -- 1.2 Annual GDP and Nonoil-Related Growth, 1970-2005 -- 1.3 Annual Change in Oil Revenues, 1970-2005 -- 1.4 Evolution of the Structure of the Economy, 1990-2005 -- 1.5 The Structure of the Economy, by Sector -- 1.6 Share of Transport in Total Expenditures by Wholesalers, by Product -- 2.1 Child Immunization Rates in Cameroon, 1991-2004.

2.2 Incidence of Stunting, Wasting, and Underweight in Cameroon, 1991-2004 -- 2.3 Use of Maternal and Child Health Services, by Income Quintile, 2004 -- 3.1 Composite ICRG Risk Ratings in Selected Countries, 1990-2006 -- 3.2 Total Government Revenue, Oil Revenue, and Nonoil Revenue, 1999-2005 -- 3.3 Sources of Nonoil Government Revenue, 2005 -- 3.4 Composition of Forestry Tax Revenue, 1991 and 2003 -- 3.5 External Debt, 1999-2006 -- 6.1 Average Years of Education in Selected Countries, 2005 -- 6.2 Relation between Number of Students and Number of Teachers in Public Primary Schools, 2002/03 -- 6.3 Relation between Unit Cost of Primary Education and Primary School Pass Rate, 2002/03 -- 6.4 Distribution of Public Funds for Health Service Delivery, by Region, 1997/98 and 2000/01 -- 7.1 Production, Wholesale, and Retail Price of Crops in Yaoundé and Douala -- 7.2 Forestry Sector: Areas under Management Plans -- IV.1 Governance Indicators, 1996 and 2005 -- IV.2 Governance Performance in Cameroon Relative to Other Low-Income Countries and Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2005 -- IV.3 Governance Indicators in Selected Countries, 2005 -- 10.1 The Medium-Term Expenditure Framework: Sector Budget Shares, 2001-15 -- 10.2 Energy Scenario, 2000-15 -- 10.3 Public Financial Management Scenario, 2000-15 -- Tables -- 1.1 Ratio of per Capita GDP in Cameroon to per Capita GDP in Selected Countries, 1970-2004 -- 1.2 Average Annual GDP Growth and Manufacturing Share of Output in Selected Countries, 1960-2005 -- 1.3 Macroeconomic Performance in Cameroon, 1970-2005 -- 1.4 Annual GDP Growth and Sectoral Contributions to Growth, 1970-2005 -- 1.5 Investment and Capital Efficiency in Selected Countries, 1978-2004 -- 1.6 Average Annual GDP Growth, per Capita GDP, Foreign Direct Investment, and Aggregate Domestic Savings in Selected Countries, 1975-2004.

1.7 Cost of Doing Business in Selected Countries -- 1.8 Domestic Resource Cost of Various Crops -- 1.9 Marketing Costs of Plantains, Corn, and Potatoes -- 1.10 Indicators of Competitiveness in Industry -- 2.1 Decomposition of the Change in Poverty Incidence: Growth and Redistribution Effects, 1996 and 2001 -- 2.2 Depth of Poverty, 1996 and 2001 -- 2.3 Incidence of Poverty, by Occupation of Household Head, 2001 -- 2.4 Incidence of Poverty, by Gender and Education of Household Head, 1996 and 2001 -- 2.5 Incidence of Poverty, by Region, 1996 and 2001 -- 2.6 Gross Enrollment Rate, by Level of Education, 1990-2003 -- 2.7 Primary School Repetition, Completion, and Gross Enrollment Rates in Selected Countries, 1990 and 2005 -- 2.8 Net Primary Enrollment Rates and Total Public and Private Education Expenditures in Urban and Rural Areas, 1996 and 2001 -- 2.9 Gross Secondary-School Enrollment Rate and Total Public Spending on Education in Selected Countries, 1970-2000 -- 2.10 Selected Public Health Indicators, 1991-2004 -- 2.11 Percentage of Population Living within Five Kilometers of a Health Center, 1999 -- 2.12 Access to Drinking Water, Electricity, and Other Basic Infrastructure Services, 1996 and 2001 -- 3.1 Convergence Criteria Performance of CEMAC Countries, 2005 -- 3.2 Taxes on International Trade in Selected Countries, 1985-2004 -- 3.3 Tax Revenue as a Percentage of GDP in Selected Countries, 2001 and 2005 -- 3.4 Average Wages in the Public, Parapublic, and Private (Formal) Sectors, 2001 -- 3.5 Government Expenditure by Sector, as a Percentage of GDP and Total Government Expenditure, 1999-2005 -- 4.1 Tariff Rates in Selected Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1995-97 -- 4.2 Microfinance in the CEMAC Zone, 2004 -- 4.3 Insurance Density and Depth in Selected Countries, 2004 -- 5.1 Length and Condition of Road Network, 2001.

5.2 Water Production and Distribution in Selected West African Cities, 2002 -- 6.1 Internal Efficiency Coefficient of Education, by Level of Studies -- 6.2 Distribution of Current Expenditures and Unit Costs, by Level of Education, 1992 and 2000 -- 8.1 Length of Time between Announcement and Implementation of Selected Structural Reform Policies -- 8.2 Average Number of Years to Privatize Electricity and Telecommunications Infrastructure in Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, and Senegal, 1990-2006 -- 10.1 Actual, Estimated, and Sectoral Growth Rates under the Baseline Scenario, 2001-15 -- 10.2 Average Annual Growth, 1994-2015 -- 10.3 Actual, Estimated, and Projected Government Finance, 2001-15 -- 10.4 Actual, Estimated, and Projected Sectoral Growth under the Medium-Term Expenditure Framework, 2001-15.