Contents -- Preface -- Part 1. Atmospheric Dynamics and Meteorology -- 1. Understanding the El Ni˜no-Southern Oscillation and Its Interactions with the Indian Ocean and Monsoon Jin-Yi Yu -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Basin-Coupling Modeling Strategy -- 3. The Simulated ENSO Cycle -- 4. Teleconnection of ENSO -- 5. Impacts of Indian Ocean on the ENSO Cycle -- 6. ENSO's Interactions with the Tropospheric Biennial Oscillation (TBO) -- 7. ENSO's Interactions with Indian Ocean SST Variability -- 8. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 2. Ocean-Atmosphere-Land Feedbacks on the Western North Pacific-East Asian Summer Climate Chia Chou and Jien-Yi Tu -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Quasi-equilibrium Tropical Circulation Model -- 3. Moist Static Energy Analysis -- 3.1. Moist static energy budget -- 3.2. Horizontal advection associated with vψ and vχ -- 4. Mechanisms for the Poleward Extent of Summer Monsoons -- 4.1. Local processes -- 4.2. Ventilation -- 4.3. Interactive Rodwell-Hoskins mechanism -- 4.4. Land-ocean heating contrast -- 5. Examination on the Asian Summer Monsoon System -- 5.1. Local processes -- 5.2. Ventilation and interactive Rodwell-Hoskins mechanisms -- 5.3. Land-ocean heating contrast -- 5.3.1. Land surface condition -- 5.3.2. Ocean heat transport -- 6. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3. Coupling of the Intraseasonal Oscillation with the Tropical Cyclone in the Western North Pacific during the 2004 Typhoon Season Huang-Hsiung Hsu, An-Kai Lo, Ching-Hui Hung, Wen-Shung Kau, Chun-Chieh Wu and Yun-Lan Chen -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data and Methodology -- 3. ISO and TC -- 4. TC Contribution to the ISV -- 5. Numerical Experiment -- 6. Conclusions and Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- References.

4. Convective-Radiative-Mixing Processes in the Tropical Ocean-Atmosphere Chung-Hsiung Sui, Xiaofan Li, William K.-M. Lau, Wei-Kuo Tao, Ming-Dah Chou and Ming-Jen Yang -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Convective-Radiative Processes -- 2.1. Cloud-resolving modeling for climate equilibrium and feedback study -- 2.2. Cumulus ensemble responses to radiative and microphysical processes -- 2.3. Diurnal variation of tropical oceanic convection -- 2.4. Cloud clustering and microphysical processes -- 2.5. Precipitation efficiency -- 3. Air-Sea Exchange and Ocean Mixing at the Diurnal and Intraseasonal Scales -- 4. Coupled Boundary Layer and Forced Oceanic Responses -- 5. Representation of Convective- Radiative Processes in Climate Models -- 6. Relevance to Climate Variability and Future Perspectives -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5. Understanding Atmospheric Catastrophes Winston C. Chao -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Tropical Cyclogenesis -- 3. Stratospheric Sudden Warming -- 4. Abrupt Latitudinal Movement of the ITCZ (Monsoon Onset) -- 5. Other Examples of Atmospheric Catastrophes -- 6. Remarks -- References -- 6. Relative Intensity of the Pacific and Atlantic Storm Tracks in a Maximally Simplified Model Setting Mankin Mak -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Design of a Barotropic Storm Track Model -- 3. Linear Instability -- 3.1. Inviscid modal instability properties, a = 0 -- 3.2. Modal instability with the in.uence of friction, a = 0 -- 4. Nonlinear Model Storm Tracks -- 4.1. Eddy feedback -- 4.2. Modal storm tracks with uniform friction -- 4.3. Modal storm tracks with differential friction -- 5. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 7. The Role of Cumulus Heating in the Development and Evolution of Meiyu Frontal Systems George Tai-Jen Chen -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Meiyu Frontogenesis -- 3. Movement of the Meiyu Front -- 4. Low-Level Jet (LLJ) Formation.

5. Development of the Frontal Cyclone -- 6. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 8. Advance in the Dynamics and Targeted Observations of Tropical Cyclone Movement Chun-Chieh Wu -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Baroclinic E.ect on TC Motion (Wu and Emanuel, 1993, 1994) -- 2.1. Background -- 2.2. Methodology -- 2.3. Results -- 2.4. Summary -- 3. Potential Vorticity Perspective of TC Motion (Wu and Emanuel, 1995a,b -- Wu and Kurihara, 1996 -- Wu et al., 2003, 2004) -- 3.1. Background -- 3.2. Methodology -- 3.3. Results -- 3.4. Summary -- 4. Targeted Observations and Data Assimilation for TC Motion (Wu et al. 2005, 2006, 2007a,b) -- 4.1. Background -- 4.2. Impact of dropwindsonde data on TC track forecasts from DOTSTAR -- 4.3. OSSE study (Wu et al., 2006) -- 4.4. Targeted observations for TCs (Wu et al., 2007a) -- 4.5. Summary -- 4.6. Further thoughts (Wu, 2006) -- 5. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 9. Vortex Interactions and Typhoon Concentric Eyewall Formation H.-C. Kuo, L.-Y. Lin, C.-L. Tsai and Y.-L. Chen -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Nondivergent Barotropic Model -- 3. Physical Parameters -- 4. Numerical Results -- 4.1. Binary vortex interaction -- 4.2. Two-dimensional turbulence on the f-plane -- 4.3. Concentric eyewall formation solely from a turbulent background -- 4.4. Phase diagrams -- 5. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 10. Rare Typhoon Development near the Equator C.-P. Chang and Teo Suan Wong -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Background Flow and the Observed Development -- 3. Roles of the Winter Monsoon and Possible Mechanisms -- 4. Concluding Remarks: Key Question Posed by Typhoon Vamei -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 11. Assimilation of Satellite Ocean Surface Winds at NCEP and Their Impact on Atmospheric Analyses and Weather Forecasting Tsann-Wang Yu -- 1. Introduction.

2. Assimilation of Satellite Ocean Surface Winds in Atmospheric Analyses -- 2.1. Characteristics of satellite ocean surface winds -- 2.2. Atmospheric analysis and data assimilation systems -- 3. Impact of Satellite Ocean Surface Wind Data -- 4. Applications of Ocean Surface Wind Data in the Southwestern Pacific Region -- 5. Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 12. Purdue Atmospheric Models and Applications Wen-Yih Sun, Wu-Ron Hsu, Jiun-Dar Chern, Shu-Hua Chen, Ching-Chi Wu, Kate Jr-Shiuan Yang, Kaosan Yeh, Michael G. Bosilovich, Patrick A. Haines, Ki-Hong Min, Tae-Jin Oh, B. T. MacCall, Ahmet Yildirim, Yi-Lin Chang, Chiao-Zen Chang and Yi-Chiang Yu -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Purdue Regional Climate Model -- 2.1. Basic equations -- 2.2. Weather simulations -- 2.3. Applications to Taiwan and East Asia -- 2.4. Regional climate studies -- 2.5. Simulations of dust and ozone -- 3. Nonhydrostatic Models -- 3.1. Basic equations -- 3.2. Flow over mountains -- 3.2.1. Linear mountain waves -- 3.2.2. 11 January 1972 Boulder windstorm -- 3.2.3. White Sands simulation -- 3.3. Large eddy simulation (LES) -- 4. Other Topics -- 4.1. Turbulence, pollution and PBL -- 4.2. Snow-vegetation-soil -- 4.3. Cloud streets and symmetric instability -- 4.4. Cumulus parametrization scheme (CPS) and cloud models -- 4.5. Barotropic model and shear instability -- 4.6. Numerical schemes -- 4.7. 2D shallow water equations -- 5. Summary -- References -- Part 2. Atmospheric Physics and Chemistry -- 13. Interaction between Aerosols and Clouds: Current Understanding Jen-Ping Chen, Anupam Hazra, Chein-Jung Shiu, I-Chun Tsai and Hsiang-He Lee -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Aerosol Effect on Clouds -- 2.1. Hygroscopic aerosols -- 2.1.1. Twomey's indirect effects -- 2.1.2. Giant CCNs -- 2.1.3. Effects on cloud ice -- 2.1.4. Effects on cloud chemistry.

2.2. Carbonaceous aerosols -- 2.2.1. Soluble organic aerosols -- 2.2.2. Soot -- 2.2.3. Surfactants -- 2.2.4. Bioaerosols -- 2.3. Mineral dust -- 2.3.1. Roles as CCNs and INs -- 2.3.2. Effects on cloud chemistry -- 3. Cloud Effect on Aerosols -- 3.1. Microphysical and chemical modifications -- 3.2. Precipitation scavenging -- 3.3. Cloud venting -- 3.4. Influences on aerosol production -- 3.4.1. Actinic flux effect -- 3.4.2. Turbulence effect -- 4. Summary -- References -- 14. Application of Satellite-Based Surface Heat Budgets to Climate Studies of the Tropical Pacific Ocean and Eastern Indian Ocean Ming-Dah Chou, Shu-Hsien Chou and Shuk-Mei Tse -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data Sources and Satellite Retrievals of Surface Heat Fluxes -- 2.1. The GSSRB surface radiation -- 2.2. The NASA SRB Rel2 surface radiation -- 2.3. The GSSTF2 surface turbulent fluxes, temperature, and humidity -- 2.4. The HOAPS-II surface turbulent fluxes, temperature, and humidity -- 3. Tropical Warm Pool Surface Heat Budget (SHB) -- 3.1. Annual mean -- 3.2. Seasonal variation -- 3.3. Interannual variation -- 4. Tropical Warm Pool SHB and SST Tendency -- 4.1. SHB and SST tendency during the TOGA COARE IOP -- 4.2. Seasonal variation of SHB and SST tendency -- 4.3. Interannual variations of SHB and SST -- 5. Regulation of the Pacific Warm Pool SST -- 6. Correlation between the SST and the SHB in the Tropical Pacific -- 7. Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 15. Some Unsolved Problems in Atmospheric Radiative Transfer: Implication for Climate Research in the Asia-Pacific Region K. N. Liou, Y. Gu, W. L. Lee, Y. Chen and P. Yang -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Light Scattering and Absorption by Aerosols -- 3. The Effect of Mountains on Radiation Fields -- 4. Radiative Transfer in the Atmosphere-Ocean System -- 5. Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References.

16. Progress in Atmospheric Vortex Structures Deduced from Single Doppler Radar Observations Wen-Chau Lee and Ben Jong-Dao Jou.