CONTENTS -- Preface -- Scanning Probe Techniques -- Scanning Probe Microscopy Based Nanoscale Patterning and Fabrication X. N. Xie, H. J. Chung and A. T. S. Wee -- 1. Introduction -- 2. STM Nanolithographic Techniques -- 2.1. Pattern formation by direct tip-surface interactions -- 2.2. Pattern formation by field effect -- 2.3. Pattern formation by electron effect -- 3. AFM Nanolithographic Techniques -- 3.1. Dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) -- 3.2. Thermomechanical writing and millipede technique -- 3.3. AFM nanooxidation -- 3.4. Electrostatic deformation and electrohydrodynamic nanofluidic motion -- 3.5. Polymer patterning by nanoexplosion -- 3.6. Charge deposition and manipulation -- 4. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Nanoscale Characterization by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy H. Xu, X. N. Xie, M. A. K. Zilani, W. Chen and A. T. S. Wee -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) -- 2.1. STM and scanning tunneling spectroscopy -- 2.2. STM tip preparation -- 2.2.1. Conventional STM tip -- 2.2.2. Atomically precise tip development -- 2.3. STM nanocharacterization of semiconductors -- 2.3.1. Silicon (Si) -- 2.3.2. Gallium arsenide (GaAs) -- 2.3.3. Silicon carbide (SiC) -- 3. Spin-Polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (SP-STM) -- 3.1. Basics of SP-STM -- 3.2. Surface topography and local magnetism -- 3.3. Multi-probe scanning tunneling microscopy (MP-STM) -- 3.3.1. Four probe STM -- 3.3.2. Electrical transport measurement -- 4. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Nanofabrication -- EUV Lithography for Semiconductor Manufacturing and Nanofabrication H. Kinoshita -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Principle of Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography -- 3. Critical Issues of EUV Lithography -- 3.1. Optics design and fabrication -- 3.2. Source -- 3.3. Reflection mask -- 4. Exposure Tools and Experiments -- 5. Conclusions.

References -- Synchrotron-Radiation-Supported High-Aspect-Ratio Nanofabrication A. Chen, G. Liu, L. K. Jian and H. O. Moser -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Method -- 3. Existing Facilities and Development Program -- 4. Results and Forthcoming Work -- 5. Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Functional Nanomaterials -- Chemical Interactions at Noble Metal Nanoparticle Surfaces - Catalysis, Sensors and Devices A. S. Nair, R. T. Tom, V. R. Rajeev Kumar, C. Subramaniam and T. Pradeep -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 3. Results and Discussion -- 3.1. Interaction of halocarbons with metal nanoparticle surfaces - a novel chemistry for environmental remediation -- 3.2. Interaction of biomolecules with nanoparticles-formation of nano-bio conjugates -- 3.3. Formation of nanomaterials-polymer composites -- 3.4. Nanoparticle-based .ow sensors-transverse electrokinetic effect -- 3.5. Visible fluorescence from metal nanoparticle-single walled carbon nanotube composites -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Diamond-Like Carbon: A New Material Base for Nano-Architectures X. Li and D. H. C. Chua -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Diamond-Like Carbon: Synthesis and Characterization -- 2.1. Diamond-like carbon films by filtered cathodic vacuum arc technique -- 2.2. Material properties of diamond-like carbon films -- 2.2.2. Intrinsic stress of diamond-like carbon films -- 2.2.3. Surface morphology and surface energy -- 2.2.4. Mechanical property measurement -- 3. Bottom-Up Nano-Architectures of Diamond-Like Carbon -- 3.1. Diamond-like carbon nano-architectures containing 0D objects -- 3.2. Diamond-like carbon nano-architectures containing 1D nano-objects -- 3.3. Diamond-like carbon nano-architecture grown with focused ion beam -- 3.4. Diamond-like carbon nano-architecture grown from patterned substrate.

4. Diamond-Like Carbon Nano-Architectures from Top-Down -- 4.1. Fabrication method -- 4.2. Diamond-like carbon micro-architectures -- 4.3. Diamond-like carbon nano-architectures -- 5. Future for Diamond-Like Carbon Nano-Architectures -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Hotplate Technique for Nanomaterials Y. Zhu and C. H. Sow -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Synthesis and Characterizations of Nanomaterials -- 2.1. Direct synthesis on metals -- 2.2. Substrate friendly synthesis -- 2.3. Effects of plasma -- 2.4. Nanohybrids -- 3. Applications -- 3.1. Field emission -- 3.2. Field emission enhancement -- 3.3. Li-ion battery -- 3.4. Gas sensing -- 3.5. Ultrafast optical device -- 4. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Molecular Engineering -- π-d Interaction Based Molecular Conducting Magnets: How to Increase the E.ects of the π-d Interaction A. Miyazaki and T. Enoki -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Pressure-Induced Negative Magnetoresistance in (EDTDM)2FeBr4 -- 3. Effect of Halogen-Halogen Interactions in (EDO-TTFBr2)2FeX4 (X = Cl, Br) -- 4. Summary -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Recent Developments on Porphyrin Assemblies R. Charvet, J. P. Hill, Y. Xie, Y. Wakayama and K. Ariga -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Porphyrin Assemblies by Non-Specific Interactions -- 3. Porphyrin Assemblies through Specific Interactions -- 4. Porphyrin Assemblies in Organized Films -- 5. Porphyrin Assemblies with Precise Molecular Arrangement -- 6. Future Perspectives -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Bionanotechnology and Nanomedicine -- Nanostructures from Designer Peptides B. T. Ong, P. K. Ajikumar and S. Valiyaveettil -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials and Methods -- 2.1. Peptide synthesis -- 2.2. Self-assembly investigation using dynamic light scattering -- 3. Characterization of Self-Assembly using Circular Dichroism -- 3.1. Self-assembly using atomic force microscopy -- 4. Discussions.

5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Nanotechnology and Human Diseases G. Y. H. Lee and C. T. Lim -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Nanotechnology and the Study of Malaria -- 2.1. Optical tweezers -- 2.2. Atomic force microscope -- 3. Nanotechnology and the Study of Cancer -- 3.1. Optical stretcher -- 3.2. Nanoindentation -- 4. Future Perspectives and Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Nanomedicine: Nanoparticles of Biodegradable Polymers for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment S. S. Feng -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Nanoparticle Preparation and Characterization -- 2.1. Nanoparticle preparation -- 2.2. Nanoparticle characterization -- 2.2.1. Particle size and size distribution -- 2.2.2. Surface morphology -- 2.2.3. Surface charge -- 2.2.4. Surface chemistry -- 2.2.5. Physical status of drug in nanoparticles -- 2.2.6. Drug encapsulation efficiency -- 2.2.7. In vitro drug release -- 3. In vitro Cellular Uptake of Nanoparticles -- 4. In vitro Cytotoxicity -- 5. In Vivo Pharmacokinetics -- 6. Xenograft Model -- 7. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References.