Surfactants from Renewable Resources -- Contents -- Series Preface -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- List of Contributors -- Part 1 Renewable Hydrophobes -- 1 Surfactants Based on Natural Fatty Acids -- 1.1 Introduction and History -- 1.2 Fats and Oils as Raw Materials -- 1.3 Fatty Acid Soaps -- 1.4 Polyethylene Glycol Fatty Acid Esters -- 1.5 Polyglycerol Fatty Acid Esters -- 1.6 Conclusions -- References -- 2 Nitrogen Derivatives of Natural Fats and Oils -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Manufacture of Fatty Nitrogen Derivatives -- 2.3 Production Data -- 2.4 Ecological Aspects -- 2.5 Biodegradation -- 2.6 Properties of Nitrogen-Based Surfactants -- 2.7 Applications -- 2.8 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Surface-Active Compounds as Forest-Industry By-Products -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Resin and Fatty Acids -- 3.3 Sterols and Sterol Ethoxylates -- 3.4 Hemicelluloses -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Part 2 Renewable Hydrophiles -- 4 Surfactants Based on Carbohydrates and Proteins for Consumer Products and Technical Applications -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Raw Materials -- 4.3 Products and Applications -- 4.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5 Amino Acids, Lactic Acid and Ascorbic Acid as Raw Materials for Biocompatible Surfactants -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Production of Raw Materials -- 5.3 Lysine-Based Surfactants -- 5.4 Lactic Acid-Based Surfactants -- 5.5 Ascorbic Acid-Based Surfactants -- References -- Part 3 New Ways of Making Renewable Building Blocks -- 6 Ethylene from Renewable Resources -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Why Produce Ethylene from Renewable Resources? -- 6.3 Production of Ethylene from Renewable Feedstock -- 6.4 Commercialization of Bioethylene -- 6.5 Environmental Impact of Bioethylene -- 6.6 Certificate of Green Carbon Content -- 6.7 Concluding Remarks -- References.

7 Fermentation-Based Building Blocks for Renewable Resource-Based Surfactants -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Existing and Potential Classes of Surfactants from Biologically Derived Metabolites -- 7.3 Fermentation-Based Building Blocks with Large Existing Markets -- 7.4 New Fermentation-Based Building Blocks -- 7.5 Conclusion -- References -- Part 4 Biosurfactants -- 8 Synthesis of Surfactants Using Enzymes -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Enzymes as Catalysts for Synthesis of Surfactants -- 8.3 Enzymatic Synthesis of Polar Lipids Useful as Surfactants -- 8.4 Carbohydrate Esters -- 8.5 Fatty Amide Surfactants -- 8.6 Amino Acid-Based Surfactants -- 8.7 Alkyl Glycosides -- 8.8 Future Prospects -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 9 Surfactants from Waste Biomass -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Surfactants Obtained from Biological Transformation of Waste Biomass -- 9.3 Surfactants Obtained from Chemical Transformation of Waste Biomass -- 9.4 Summary and Outlook -- References -- 10 Lecithin and Other Phospholipids -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Sources and Production -- 10.3 Composition -- 10.4 Quality and Analysis of Lecithins -- 10.5 Modification -- 10.6 Emulsifying Properties -- 10.7 Applications -- 10.8 Legislation and Reach -- 10.9 Conclusion -- References -- 11 Sophorolipids and Rhamnolipids -- 11.1 Sophorolipids -- 11.2 Derivatives of Native Sophorolipids -- 11.3 Biosynthesis of Novel Sophorolipids -- 11.4 Rhamnolipids -- 11.5 Cleaning Applications Using Sophorolipids and Rhamnolipids -- References -- 12 Saponin-Based Surfactants -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Molecular Properties -- 12.3 Sources of Saponins -- 12.4 Saponins as Emulsifiers and Surfactants -- 12.5 Application of Saponins as Surfactants and Emulsifiers -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Part 5 Polymeric Surfactants/Surface-Active Polymers -- 13 Surface-Active Polymers from Cellulose.

13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Structure and Synthesis of Cellulose Ether -- 13.3 Cellulose Ethers in Aqueous Solution -- 13.4 Interaction with Surfactants -- 13.5 Clouding -- References -- 14 New Developments in the Commercial Utilization of Lignosulfonates -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Lignosulfonates -- 14.3 Lignosulfonate Production -- 14.4 Environmental Issues -- 14.5 Lignosulfonates as Stabilizers for Emulsions and Suspoemulsions -- 14.6 Superplasticizers for Concrete -- 14.7 Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 15 Dispersion Stabilizers Based on Inulin -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Solution Properties of Long-Chain Inulin and Hydrophobically Modified Inulin (HMI) -- 15.3 Interfacial Aspects of HMI at Various Interfaces -- 15.4 Emulsions Stabilized Using HMI -- 15.5 Emulsion Polymerization Using HMI -- 15.6 Use of HMI for Preparation and Stabilization of Nanoemulsions -- References -- Index.